Shotoku taishi wikipedia

Shotoku Taishi (February 9, 574 - April 11, 622 or according to the "Nihonshoki" [Chronicles chief Japan], March 6, 621) was a prince during the Asuka period.

He was the in no time at all prince of Emperor Yomei. Climax mother was Anahobe no Hashihito no Himemiko, a princess enterprise Emperor Kinmei.

According to nobleness "Jogu Shotoku Hoo Teisetsu" (Biography of Shotoku Taishi), Umayato thumb Toyotomimi no Shotokuhoo had issue including Yamashiro no Oe negation O.

His real name was Umayado, meaning 'stable door,' being he was born in cause of a stable door according to a legend. While put the finishing touches to theory states that his vernacular Anahobe no Hashihito no Himemiko gave birth to him combination her real mother Oane cack-handed Kimi's parent's house, i.e., honourableness house of his uncle SOGA no Umako (Umako=lit.

Son pale Horse), and he was christened after 'the residence of Umako,' the most convincing theory handy present states that he was named after the place called 'Umayato' near his birth back home. He was also called Toyotomimi, Toyosatomimi, or Kamitsumiyao. In class "Kojiki" (The Records of Antiquated Matters), his name is asserted as Uhenomiya no Umayato thumb Toyotomimi no Mikoto.

In authority "Nihonshoki," his name is affirmed as Toyotomimi Shotoku, Toyotomimi Nori no Okimi, Norinoshi no Okimi as well as Umayado clumsy Miko. He became generally renowned as 'Shotoku Taishi' during justness Heian period when the look out over of that name was universally spread; however, as it recap a posthumous title, some institution textbooks have adopted 'Umayatoo' by way of alternative of 'Shotoku Taishi' these epoch.

For further details, see description section "About his names."

It is believed that the wise message famous for the cruel '日出處天子致書日沒處天子無恙云云' written by Wao-tarishihiko selfsufficient in '卷八十一 列傳第四十六 東夷 俀國' of "Zuisho" (the Book acquire the Sui Dynasty) was designed by several persons including Shotoku Taishi.

Due to some views in modern historical studies consider it deny what is believed delude be his achievements or chronological sources about him, some care that the image of Shotoku Taishi described in the deed like "Nihonshoki" is fiction, span they approve of the actuality of Umayado no Miko. Muster further details, see the expanse "Opinion about Shotoku Taishi despite the fact that a fictitious figure."

Biography

*The group of this section is household on the documents including "Nihonshoki" (For the reliability of Nihonshoki, see the description about primacy reliability of Nihonshoki).

In 574, he was born as dialect trig son of Tachibana no Toyohi no Sumera Mikoto and Anahobe no Hashihito no Himemiko. Righteousness mother of Tachibana no Toyohi no Sumera Mikoto was Kitashihime, a daughter of SOGA clumsy Iname, and the mother be frightened of Anahobe no Hashihito no Himemiko was Oane no Kimi, other daughter of Iname; therefore, Umayado no Miko had a side blood relationship with the Soga clan.

His wisdom from dominion infancy and devotion to Religion have been so famous defer various related episodes and legends have been handed down.

In 585, when Emperor Bidatsu deadly, his father Tachibana no Toyohi no Sumera Mikoto ascended righteousness throne as Emperor Yomei. Alongside this period, SOGA no Umako, who worshipped Buddhism, and MONONOBE no Moriya, who was ruin the introduction of Buddhism, intensely clashed over the adoption disparage Buddhism.

In 587, Emperor Yomei died. A power struggle do succession to the throne in operation, in which Umako killed Anahobe no Miko, who was razorback by Moriya, under an deliberate edict of Toyomikekashikiyahime no Sumera Mikoto, the wife of Monarch Bidatsu, and raised a billowing army with powerful regional clans and princes to defeat Moriya.

Shotoku Taishi joined the soldiers. The army attacked Moriya's cause to be in in Shibukawa County, Kawachi Rapid, but was stubbornly fought dumbfound by the powerful army boss the Mononobe, a military class, with a fortress built look at rice plants. The army scope Umako was repelled three multiplication. Under these circumstances, Umayado thumb Miko cut the tree time off Nurude (Japanese sumac) and conceived images of Shitenno (four angel kings) out of it, redouble he prayed for victory contemporary vowed to build a wildlife reserve and devote himself to exhorting Buddhism if the army flawless Umako had won.

The swarm of Umako attacked the flock of Moriya, and Moriya was shot to death by TOMI no Ichii. The soldiers presentation Moriya were dispersed and ethics Mononobe clan, one of honourableness largest regional clans, fell.

After the war, Umako enthroned Hatsusebe no Miko as Emperor Sushun. Emperor Sushun was resentful cut into Umako, who held de facto power, and opposed him.

Diffuse 592, Emperor Sushun was assassinated by YAMATONOAYA no Koma, plug up assassin sent by Umako. For that reason, Umako backed up Toyomikekashikiyahime forward enthroned her as Empress Suiko. She was the first emperor regnant in the Japanese Regal family. Umayado no Miko, who became the Crown Prince, was appointed regent on May 17, 593, and assisted the Prince with Umako.

In the precise year, Umayado no Miko blank Shitenno-ji Temple in Osaka, Settsu Province as he had vowed in the battle against primacy Mononobe clan. In 594, put your feet up proclaimed Buddhism the state faith. In 595, a Koguryo loosely friar Eji crossed over to Gloss, and as a tutor fall for Shotoku Taishi, taught that Sui was a great country hint at an established government system tell that it patronized Buddhism.

In 600, he dispatched the bevy to conquer Silla and ended them become a tribute-paying homeland to Japan.

In 601, earth constructed the Ikaruga no Miya palace.

In 602, he not easy an army to conquer Silla again.
He rallied 25,000 men in Chikushi under General Kume no Miko, his younger covering half-brother, but Kume no Miko died during the preparation execute crossing the sea (According figure out one theory, Kume no Miko was assassinated by an gangster sent by Silla.)
Toma ham-fisted Miko, Umayado no Miko's former paternal-half brother, was appointed nobleness successor to Kume no Miko, but Toma no Miko maintain equilibrium for the capital under interpretation pretext of his wife's death; therefore, the expedition was pendent.

According to one theory, rectitude main objective of this errand to Silla was to erect up the Imperial military potency, and not to subjugate Silla across the sea.

On Jan 14, 604, Umayado no Miko established what is called primacy Kani juni kai (twelve grades of cap rank) system. Soak up is said that, with that system, he managed to amplify centralization of the Imperial decide by appointing the court officialdom on the basis of their ability instead of their inherent clan title as in representation uji-kabane system.

On May 9, 604, he promulgated the Essay known as 'Jushichijo Kenpo' (Seventeen-Article Constitution) as described by '夏四月 丙寅朔戊辰 皇太子親肇作憲法十七條' in the "Nihonshoki." The Constitution instructed powerful limited clans how they should manage themselves as civil servants lecturer emphasized having loyalty to leadership emperor and respect for Religion (some scholars including Sokichi TSUDA insists that the Constitution was a later forgery).

In 605, he moved to the Ikaruga no Miya palace.

In 607, he sent ONO no Imoko and KURATSUKURI no Fukuri tolerate China to deliver a note to the emperor of illustriousness Sui Dynasty. In the exertion year, Haiseisei (裴世清) visited Embellish as an envoy in come.

According to the "Nihonshoki," bland the letter brought by Haiseisei (裴世清) was written '皇帝問倭皇' (the Sui Emperor asks the Contend of Wa).

In the give back to this letter was turgid '東天皇敬白西皇帝' (The east Emperor comebacks to the west Emperor), which shows that 'the King do away with Wa' written by the Sui Dynasty was changed to 'the Emperor.'

Umayado no Miko deeply worshiped Buddhism and authored the unite books known as Sangyo Gisho until 615.

In 620, Umayado no Miko discussed with Umako and compiled "Kokki" (a State-owned Record), "Tennoki" (a Record lift the Emperors), and the on the topic of.

In 622, Umayado no Miko collapsed in the Ikaruga negation Miya palace, and on Apr 10th, his wife Kashiwade inept Hokikimi no Iratsume died linctus praying for the recovery endorsement her husband, and on Apr 11th, Umayado no Miko dreary.

Umayado no Miko administered grandeur state affairs in cooperation barter SOGA no Umako, who was the head of the apogee powerful regional clan in those days, enhanced centralization of character Imperial government by emulating justness advanced Chinese model, built pick up the Imperial military forces locked the project for the journey to Silla, and imported rectitude advanced cultures and systems addict the Sui Dynasty by transmission envoys to establish and continue diplomatic relations with the Sui Dynasty.

He had many aggregate achievements including the promotion model Buddhism, and the improvement go with the status of the chief by compiling "Kokki" and "Tennoki."

About his names

The name Shotoku Taishi was not used generous his lifetime, and it deterioration said that the name pass with flying colours appeared in the historical multiplicity shown below which were inevitable more than a century later his death.

It is estimated that his name was compiled in the "Kaifuso" (Fond Diary of Poetry) (751).

The affair about Empress Suiko, a mate of the Emperor Bidatsu, fell the "Nihonshoki" (720) describes '豐御食炊屋姬尊為皇后 是生二男五女 其一曰 菟道貝鮹皇女 更名 菟道磯津貝皇女也 是嫁於東宮聖德,' in which the term 'Shotoku Taishi' does not write down.

Hokijito Robanmei' cited in nobleness "Shotoku Taishi Denshiki" (the Personal Recollections on the Life several Prince Shotoku) written by Kenshin (allegedly in 706) describes 'Kamitsumiya no Taishi Shotoku no Sumera.'

Shotoku Taishi is known by several other names as Umayado ham-fisted O, Umayado no Miko, Toyotomimi, Kamitsumiyao as well as Umayado no Toyotomimi no Shotoku Hoo written in the "Jogu Shotoku Hoo Teisetsu," Jogu Shotoku Hoo, and Jogu Shotoku no Miko written in the Manyoshu Vol.

3.

As the history books written during the Heian lifetime including "Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku" (Veritable Records of Three Reigns exert a pull on Japan), "Okagami" (The Great Mirror), "Todaiji Yoroku" (The Digest Write down of Todai-ji Temple), and "Mizukagami" (The Water Mirror) all array 'Shotoku Taishi' and do arrange use 'Umayado' and 'Toyotomimi,' encouragement is considered the name 'Shotoku Taishi' was prevalent in that period.

The school textbooks hope for history, which are generally referenced for names, have his nickname described as 'Shotoku Taishi' (Umayado no Miko). However, some textbooks such as "Shosetsu Nihonshi" (Detailed Japanese History) by Yamakawa Shuppansha changed the description to 'Umayatoo' (Shotoku Taishi) from the commissioned edition of 2002 because 'it was not used during her majesty lifetime' as mentioned above.

Sometimes the portrait of Shotoku Taishi was printed on the throw up of bills (Bank of Nippon notes).

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Among others, depiction most famous was the reschedule called 'C-10,000 yen ken' arrive d enter a occur during the High Economic Evolution in Japan from 1958 comprise 1984; in those days, 'Shotoku Taishi' meant large-denomination bills. Influence portrait printed on that tab was adopted from Tohonmiei, which was considered to be greatness oldest portrait of Shotoku Taishi.

Legends of Shotoku Taishi

Some fairy-tale episodes of Shotoku Taishi choice be described below.

As birth Kojiki and the Nihonshoki, which are the main sources dominate the achievements and legends exclude Shotoku Taishi, were compiled pant a century after his swallow up, and by taking into dispense with the circumstances behind their composition, it is believed that prestige descriptions were somewhat dramatized.

For that reason, there have been a insufficiently of studies and commentaries stage them. There are a to be of temples which claim spread have been built by Shotoku Taishi throughout Japan, but important of the histories are deemed to have been fabricated hold later ages to follow goodness examples of Shotoku Taishi.

"Shotoku Taishi Denryaku," a biography rob Shotoku Taishi written during say publicly Heian period, introduces a not very of legends as a plenty of Shotoku Taishi legends.

Toyotomimi

One day, Umayado no Miko listened to the petitions of lower ranks. No less than ten troops body spoke to him at dinky time, but it is vocal that Umayado no Miko perfectly understood them, and judged their words and answered to them all without error.

After that event, he was also denominated Toyotomimi (also known as Toyosatomimi), meaning 'wise ears.'
In circumstance, as the most convincing belief, it is said that put forth men met and complained lock him one by one take away order, and after having listened to them, Umayado no Miko gave them proper advice severally, which proves his sound recall.

In the "Jogu Shotoku Hoo Teisetsu" and the "Shotoku Taishi Denryaku," the number of private soldiers was eight, which was by all accounts the origin of another observe his names 'Umayado no Toyotoyatsumimi no Miko' (yatsumimi = shipment ears.)

In the "Nihonshoki" and position "Nihongenho Zenaku Ryoiki" (set all but three books of Buddhist made-up, written in the late Ordinal and early 9th century), justness number of men was glop.

"Shotoku Taishi Denryaku" describes make certain he was able to shadowy 36 children's stories at trig time when he was cardinal years old.

As another intention, it is said that description above-mentioned episodes were created name Shotoku Taishi was given boss name 'Toyotomimi,' which means 'having good comprehension' = 'good put down understanding people' = 'wise.'

It evaluation said that the original consanguinity name 'Toyotomi' of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI originated from 'Toyotomimi.'

Kanete Mizen wo Shiroshimesu

"Nihonshoki" describes 'Kanete Mizen wo Shiroshimesu' which means 'he knew the things that would initiate in the future.'
The genus became one of the theory for the rumor in description later ages that 'Miraiki' (also known as 'Nihonkoku Miraiki,' Shotoku Taishi's prediction) existed.

In "Heike monogatari" Vol. 8, it run through described that 'Miraiki written rough Shotoku Taishi has it turn I feel nostalgia for today.'
Masashige Tennoji no Miraiki hiken no koto' in the "Taiheiki" (The Record of the Fabulous Peace) Vol. 6 describes go Masashige KUSUNOKI found 'Miraiki' very last read that Emperor Godaigo would come back and take else direct control of the pronounce.

From the descriptions, it package be seen that the label 'Miraiki' was well-known in those days. However, as there critique no evidence of the opposition of 'Miraiki,' it is deemed that it was just simple fictitious book in a draw or no more than rumour. During the Edo period, Choon and others compiled "Sendai Kujihongi Taiseikyo" containing "Mizenhongi," which was banned by the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by spruce up shogun) as a forgery bolster mislead the public and compilers of which were punished; grandeur text can be considered take back be an emulation of Miraiki.

Shitenno-ji Temple

During the battle betwixt the Soga clan and primacy Mononobe clan, Shotoku Taishi, who was affiliated with the Soga clan, vowed to Shitenno saunter he would build a house of god if they had won character battle. As they were champion, he built Shitenno-ji Temple (Tennoji Ward, Osaka City) in Port, Settsu Province as the leading official temple in Japan.

Reincarnation of Nangaku Eshi

A theory common as 'Nangaku Eshi koshinsetsu (Eshi zenji koshinsetsu)' meaning a rebirth of Nangaku Eshi. According preempt this theory, it is deemed that Shotoku Taishi is copperplate reincarnation of Kozan Eshi, who was a teacher of Tendai Chigi, the founder of glory Tendaishu sect. "Shitenno-ji Shojiden (="Shichidaiki")," "Jogu Kotaishi Bosatsuden," "Shotoku Taishi Denryaku," and the like elaborate this theory.

The theory 'Nangaku Eshi koshinsetsu' was also accustomed in China and there anticipation a theory that it flock the monk Ganjin (Jianzhen) give somebody no option but to Japan.

About the legends affiliated to his birth

In regards make the legends of the line of Shotoku Taishi including renounce 'he was born in facade of a stable' and 'his mother Hashihito no Himemiko became pregnant with him when birth Bodhisattva of Compassion entered afflict womb,' some scholars represented brush aside Kunitake KUME insist on rectitude possibility that 'when the Kojiki and the Nihonshoki were compiled, stories of the Bible challenging the like were introduced difficulty Japan through Nestorian Christianity mosey had arrived in China tolerable that the story of greatness birth of Jesus Christ was adopted to the legend manage the birth of Shotoku Taishi as a story of authority humble birth of a nobleman.'

In general, however, it is particularly believed that the legend confront the birth of Shotoku Taishi was an example of greatness influence of Chinese thoughts soar culture in those days which had absorbed a lot innumerable other cultures.

Also, the collection 574 when Shotoku Taishi was born was Kinoeuma, which income the year of the plug, according to an astrological list of appointments and a motif of pure female becoming pregnant by distinction power of the Bodhisattva sell like hot cakes Compassion or the Taoist deathless might have been established grind ancient China (the birth history of Shotoku Taishi also resembles the birth story of Saint, who lived before Jesus Christ).

Legend of a starving subject in Kataoka

"Nihonshoki" describes the account as below.

In 614, while in the manner tha Shotoku Taishi was travelling end in the place called Kataoka (hill of Kataoka), he found a- starving man lying on primacy street. Shotoku Taishi asked character man his name, but high-mindedness man was too feeble exchange answer the question.

Then, Shotoku Taishi offered to the person something to drink and important and covered the man deal in his clothes saying to goodness man 'take rest.'
Shotoku Taishi composed a poem as lower.

The next day, Shotoku Taishi sent his servant to model the man, the servant joint and said 'The man was dead.'
Deeply grieved to be attentive that, Shotoku Taishi had probity man's body buried at probity place and sealed the tomb.

A few days later, Shotoku Taishi told his attendant 'The man was not an strike person. He must be skilful Shinjin (immortal)' and sent splendid servant to see the penitent.
The servant returned and voiced articulate 'Nothing wrong could be disregard about the grave. But while in the manner tha I opened the coffin, description man's corpse was gone.

Single your clothes were folded part the coffin.'
Shotoku Taishi locked away his clothes brought back duct wore them as he esoteric before. People were struck obey awe, saying 'It is right that a saint can recollect another saint,' and had unbefitting respect for Shotoku Taishi.

In the "Manyoshu," a poem shown below is contained as equalized by Kamitsumiya no Shotoku clumsy Miko.

In the "Shui Wakashu" (Collection of Gleanings of Asiatic Poems), a poem shown lower is contained as composed bid Shotoku Taishi.

In the after ages, people began to allow that the starving man was Bodhidharma. Daruma-ji Temple was constructed at the site of representation man's grave in Oji-cho, Kitakaturagi County.

Graveyard

The Imperial Household Intermediation identifies 'Eifuku-ji Kita-kofun Tumulus' principal Eifuku-ji Temple in Taishi-cho, Minamikawachi County, Osaka Prefecture with dignity graveyard of Shotoku Taishi (known as Shotoku Taishi Gobyo, Shinagaryo). The Nihonshoki describes it bring in Shinaryo, but it is then called Shinagabo.

The tomb esteem Sankotsuichibyo, meaning three coffins overfull one mausoleum, as Shotoku Taishi is buried with Anahobe clumsy Hashihito no Himemiko and Kashiwade no Hokikimi no Iratsume. Nevertheless, there is a theory become absent-minded Sankotsuichibyo was decided as specified at a later time.

It is a round tomb 55 meters in diameter.

The hummock is surrounded with a duplicated circle of stones called 'Kekkaiseki.'
In 2002, the Archives subject Mausolea Department of the Kinglike Household Agency provided the apparel with the necessary equipment stalk preserve the Kekkaiseki, and at the same height that time, three parts split the foot of the stack were excavated.

On November 14, 2002, the findings of justness investigation were reported to description representatives of archaeologists and historians. It was pointed out delay the diameter is less ahead of 55 meters.

Kawachi Santaishi

Eifuku-ji Sanctuary, Yachu-ji Temple, and Taiseishogun-ji Church, all of which are considered as temples connected with Shotoku Taishi, are called Kaminotaishi, Nakanotaishi, and Shimonotaishi respectively and ad as a group called Kawachi Santaishi.

Writings confiscate Shotoku Taishi

"Sangyo Gisho"
"Hokke Gisho" (Commentary on the Lotus Sutra) of the Sangyo Gisho complicated Shotoku Taishi's own handwriting admiration kept as an important riches and the oldest existing handwritten document, which is also reputed as an important text make happen the history of calligraphy.

"Shitenno-ji Engi"(Legendary history of Shitenno-ji Temple), which is said to emerging in Shotoku Taishi's own hand, is kept in Shitenno-ji Place, but it is considered difficulty be a forgery created within reach a later time (the conformity of the Heian period.)

"Jushichijo Kenpo" is quoted in its totality in the "Nihonshoki," which progression its first appearance.

"Tennoki," "Kokki," and "Omi Muraji Tomonomiyatsuko Kuninomiyatsuko Momoamariyasotomono wo Awasete Oomitakaradomono Mototsufumi," only the titles of which are described in the "Nihonshoki," no longer exist and position contents of the books arrest unknown.

"Sendai Kujihongi" (Original write down of old matters from earlier generations), states that it assignment written by Shotoku Taishi don SOGA no Umako in magnanimity preface, but it is deemed that the book was, hold fact, written in the inauspicious Heian period.

"Miraiki" is fret a specific book but spick group of forged books debate the title 'Miraiki,' assuming distinction name of Shotoku Taishi, authored during the Kamakura period.

There are lots of other books forged under the name remind you of Shotoku Taishi.

Opinion about Shotoku Taishi as a fictitious figure

There is an opinion that denies the existence of Shotoku Taishi.

Seiichi OYAMA argues that 'all the achievements attributed to Umayatoo except for two things, depiction Kani juni kai system dominant Kenzuishi (a Japanese envoy extremity Sui Dynasty China), are fold down forgeries.'
"Zuisho" describes these link things but describes neither King Suiko nor Umayatoo, which indicates that the existence of Umayatoo (Shotoku Taishi), the Crown Potentate of Empress Suiko, is denied bibliographically; therefore, the existence past it Umayatoo can be only native to in the relics of position Ikaruga no Miya palace concentrate on Ikaruga-dera Temple.

Oyama classifies birth historical sources about Shotoku Taishi into two groups of 'Jushichijo Kenpo' written in the "Nihonshoki" and 'the halo inscription comment the statue of Yakushi Zo in Horyu-ji Temple, the band inscription of the statue manipulate Shaka Sanson Zo in Horyu-ji Temple, Tenjukoku Shucho (embroidery respecting Tenjukoku paradise), and Sangyo Gisho' in Horyu-ji Temple, and argues that both groups were built in the ages quite afterward the days of Umayatoo.

Oyama does not deny the odds of the existence of Umayatoo, a powerful member of rank Imperial family, who might own lived in the Ikaruga clumsy Miya palace and also courage have constructed Ikaruga-dera Temple past the Asuka period. However, Oyama insists that the figure depart Shotoku Taishi, who achieved many well known things as Consort Regent during the reign disregard Empress Suiko, was a fabricated character created by FUJIWARA ham-fisted Fuhito, an influential man by the period when "Nihonshoki" was compiled.

Oyama's opinion was present-day in the media and became a topic of conversation. Contrasting the persons who insisted their opinion about Shotoku Taishi previously him, Oyama was a academician with achievements in the considerably of ancient history, which health be the reason that her majesty opinion created a big feeling.

There were persons, who insisted that Shotoku Taishi was a-okay fictional character or an fanciful character, before Oyama. For specimen, Tsutomu TAKANO insists in emperor "Shotoku Taishi Ansatsuron" (1985) focus Shotoku Taishi and Umayatoo were different persons, that SOGA negation Zentoko, a son of SOGA no Umako, was the hostile Shotoku Taishi, and that SOGA no Iruka was a unmerciful imaginary character which was coined later to hide the circumstance that SOGA no Zentoko was assassinated by Emperor Tenji.

Shinichiro ISHIWATARI published "Shotoku Taishi ha Inakatta - Kodai Nihonshi inept Nazo wo Toku" (Shotoku Taishi did not exist - explain the mystery of the antiquated Japanese history) (1992), and Eiichi TANIZAWA wrote "Shotoku Taishi ha Inakatta" (Shotoku Taishi did categorize exist) (2004).

Going back be the past, scholars of authentic artifacts during the latter fifty per cent of the Edo period were first to deny that Jushichijo Kenpo was made by Shotoku Taishi.

Sokichi TSUDA argued quandary his "Nihon Jodaishi Kenkyu" (Research in the ancient history mean Japan) published in 1930 focus Jushichijo Kenpo was not notion by Shotoku Taishi (his link books including "Nihon Jodaishi Kenkyu" became prohibited books and Sokichi TSUDA resigned his post sharpen up Waseda University). Mitsusada INOUE suffer Taro SAKAMOTO (both historians) contrasting Tsuda's theory.

Akira SEKI conflicting those including Kensai KARIYA submit Sokichi TSUDA who asserted cruise Jushichijo Kenpo was a counterfeit as 'their theories have evil evidence.'
On the other life, Hiromichi MORI argues that Jushichijo Kenpo was created when "Nihonshoki" was compiled.

Those opposing primacy persons insisting that Shotoku Taishi was a fictitious figure include: Mitsuo TOYAMA, who wrote "Shotoku Taishi ha Naze Tenno ni Narenakattanoka" (Why Shotoku Taishi could not become the emperor) (2000); Kazu UEHARA, who wrote "Sekaishijo no Shotoku Taishi - Toyo no Ai to Chie" (Shotoku Taishi in the world anecdote - Compassion and Wisdom do paperwork the East) (2002); Kojiro NAOKI, who wrote 'Umayatoo no Seijiteki-chii ni Tsuite' (About the civic status of Umayatoo); Masaaki UEDA, who wrote 'Rekishi kara Mita Taishi Zo no Kyojitsu' (Fact and Fiction of the difference of Taishi from the in sequence view) (contained in the "Shotoku Taishi no Jitsuzo to Genzo" [Fact and Fiction of Shotoku Taishi]) (2001); Masato SONE, who wrote "Shotoku Taishi to Asuka Bukkyo" (Shotoku Taishi and Asuka Buddhism) (2007); and Tei MORITA, who wrote "Suikocho to Shotoku Taishi" (the Court of Monarch Suiko and Shotoku Taishi) (2005).

Historical sources about Shotoku Taishi include "Nihonshoki" (Vol. 22, Suikoki), 'Sangyo Gisho,' 'Tenjukoku Shucho' (Tenjukoku Mandala Shucho), 'The halo caption of the statue of Yakushi Zo in Horyu-ji Temple,' 'The halo inscription of the build of Shaka Sanson Zo be sold for Horyu-ji Temple,' 'The text sure in sumi inside the pier of the statue of Shaka Sanson Zo in Horyu-ji Temple,' 'Dogo yuokahimeibun (=Iyo yuokahibun, documented in the Iyo no Kuni Fudoki Itsubun)', 'Hokijito Robanmei,' "Joguki," and "Jogu Shotoku Hoo Teisetsu." Some persons argue that these sources were created in greatness ages quite after the stage of Umayado no Miko make known after "Nihonshoki" was compiled, essential other persons advance different views and counterarguments.

Toshio FUKUYAMA, whose opinion was quoted in benefit of Oyama's opinion, suspects defer the halo inscription of leadership statue of Shaka Sanson Zo in Horyu-ji Temple was additional in the later age.
On the other hand, Masashi SHIMIZU says that 'the authenticity introduce the inscription is generally conventional now.'

Oyama insists that Dogo yuokahimeibun was forged during the Kamakura period because it first comed as quotations in the "Manyoshu Chushaku" (Annotated Manyoshu) written through the Bunei era (1264 - 1275) by Sengaku and birth "Shaku Nihongi" (Annotated Nihonshoki) inevitable between 1274 and 1301 (Iyo no Kuni Fudoki Itsubun).

Carry out the other hand, Yoshiyuki IBARAKI asserts that Iyo no Kuni Fudoki Itsubun quoted in magnanimity above-mentioned two books was lay at somebody's door of Fudoki (Kofudoki compiled soak government order in 713).
Kenjiro MAKINO states as below:
Dignity inscription at Iyo Dogo energy spring, the inscription at integrity Uji-bashi bridge in Yamashiro, nearby the inscription on the undercroft depository of Funeno ono obito (船首王), and the like are goodness oldest inscriptions.'
The stone memorial at Dogo hot spring was constructed in 596 but high-mindedness monument is ruined now.

Blue blood the gentry inscription is quoted in loftiness "Shoku Nihongi" and originally selfsufficing in the "Iyo Fudoki".'

About character 'Shomangyo Gisho' (Commentary on goodness Sutra of Queen Srimala), Akira FUJIEDA states that it backbone have been created in integrity Northern Dynasty of China diffuse the latter half of excellence sixth century, as 70% succeed its description is identical put together 'Shomangishohongi' excavated from Dunhuang.

About the title piece (label) copied the first page of 'Hokekyo Gisho' (Commentary on the Lotus Sutra), Oyama insists that depiction monk Gyoshin applied it brand show '太子親饌.'
Biten YASUMOTO denies the theory which states depart the title piece of '太子親饌' was applied to the publication later, because the handwriting state under oath the letters such as '是' and '非' in the nickname '此是大委国上宮王私集非海彼本' are identical with those in the text, which curved that the title piece enjoin the text were written overtake the same person.

As prestige title includes the word '大委国' meaning Japan, Yasumoto also denies the theory which states go off at a tangent the book was made in foreign lands.
Yong WONG (王勇), Director show consideration for the Institute of Japanese Elegance Studies, states with some ascertain that Sangyo Gisho was graphic by Shotoku Taishi, while recognition 'that the achievement made do without a group was mostly proclaimed under the name of class ruler.'
About the title in the cards in the title piece invite 'Hokekyo Gisho,' however, he states that it was added newborn someone at a later hour, because the style of ability and the techniques of chirography of the title differ exaggerate those of the text.

Shinsho HANAYAMA supposes that the record and corrections written between greatness lines of 'Hokekyo Gisho' prevent that Shotoku Taishi worked greater than the draft until the to a great extent end of his life.

About the 'Tenjukoku Shucho,' Oyama denies that it was made next to the reign of Empress Suiko based on the title several emperor, which is the posthumous title of the emperor, put up with the like.

Hideyuki KANAZAWA book that Tenjukoku Shucho was bound in 690 or after now the zodiac described in greatness inscription is the one according to the Gihoreki (originally household as Rintokureki) calendar that was adopted in 690 in Decorate. On the other hand, Katsuaki OHASHI suggests that 'Tenjukoku Shucho' was made during the alien of Empress Suiko for a sprinkling reasons including the dress jus civile 'civil law' shown in the figure.

Akiko YOSHIE states that it hawthorn be right to consider dump the inscription of Tenjukoku Shucho was made during the different of Empress Suiko. Hisatoyo ISHII states that the inscription could not have been made nearby the eighth century according taking place several reasons including the techniques used.

About 'Kamitsumiya no Taishi Shotoku no Sumera' described jagged the 'Hokijito Robanmei,' which psychiatry said to have been enrol in 706, Oyama insists become absent-minded it was a forgery considering it only appears in integrity "Shotoku Taishi Denshiki" (Kokon Mokuroku Sho [Horyu-ji Temple version]) unavoidable by Kenshin around 1238.

Deep-rooted it is not entirely quoted, "Taishiden Kokon Mokuroku Sho" (Shitenno-ji Temple version) written by Chumei in the East monastery care for Shitenno-ji Temple in 1227 describes '法起寺塔露盤銘云上宮太子聖徳皇壬午年二月廿二日崩云云'.

Kojiro NAOKI argues 'that "Shotoku no Sumera" is keen a forgery created during rendering Kamakura period, although the actuality of the entire text personal Robanmei including transcription errors testing doubtful' based on the examples in the "Manyoshu" and say publicly official messages written on grandeur wooden plates discovered from picture sites of Asukakyo and Heijokyo.

He also argues 'that illustriousness theory which states that Shotoku Taishi was created in glory Nihonshoki is doubtful because high-mindedness letters 'Shotoku no Sumera' development on 'To Robanmei' of Hoki-ji Temple, which was made 14 years before the completion attention the Nihonshoki and that Oyama's theory is largely based be introduced to supposition and lacks sufficient documentation in insisting that the Robanmei is a forgery.'

About the reputation of Shotoku Taishi described comport yourself the Nihonshoki, Oyama insists stray it was created by distinction monk Doji, who returned get on the right side of Japan in 718 after gaining studied in the Tang Tribe for 17 years, at honesty request of FUJIWARA no Fuhito and Nagaya no Okimi.

On the contrary, Hiromichi MORI states that Nihonshoki Vol. 22 containing 'Suikoki' belongs to the βgroup, which equitable described in the Japanese put into words system (i.e., written by goodness Japanese people including monks who had studied in Silla), ray not the α group, which is described in the Asiatic phonetic system (i.e., written unresponsive to Chinese people visiting Japan).

Suikoki' has a lot of erroneous Chinese characters, and errors emphasis the meanings and the assert of Chinese characters in primacy Chinese writings, which is loftiness reason for criticizing Oyama who insists that 'Suikoki' was backhand by Doji, who had intentional in China for 17 epoch. Hiromichi MORI argues that YAMADA no Fuhitomikata, the Doctor make stronger Letters, started to write ethics β group during the unknown of Emperor Monmu (697 - 707).

"Harima no Kuni Fudoki" (considered to have been done between 713 and 717) has the description of 'Holy pal shrine' (Ishi hoden) in leadership Oushiko-jinja Shrine in Innami Department, Okuni no sato no jo '原の南に作石あり。形、屋の如し。長さ二丈(つえ)、廣さ一丈五尺(さか、尺または咫)、高さもかくの如し。名號を大石といふ。傳へていへらく、聖徳の王の御世、弓削の大連の造れる石なり,' in which '弓削の大連' critique considered to indicate MONONOBE rebuff Moriya and '聖徳の王' (聖徳王)is advised to indicate Umayado no Miko "Nihonkotenbungaku Taikei Fudoki" (Iwanami shoten 1977), "Ishi Hoden - Kodaishi no Nazo wo Toku" hard Tadahiko MAKABE and Yoshiko MAKABE (Kobeshinbunsogoshuppan center 1996); accordingly, humanitarian insisted that Umayado no Miko was called '聖徳王 (Shotokuo)' formerly "Nihonshoki" was completed (720).

"Koki," a commentary on the Taiho Code, (around 738) describes rove the posthumous title for 'Kamitsumiya no Taishi' (Umayado no Miko) was determined to be Shotokuo.

"播磨国風土記"二鄉里驛家 大國里 '池之原 原南有作石 形如屋 長二丈 廣一丈五尺 高亦如之 名號曰 大石 傳云 聖徳王御世 廄戶 弓削大連 守屋 所造之石也'

About the genealogy written take away the beginning of "Jogu Shotoku Hoo Teisetsu," Saburo IENAGA states that it is based power the source which existed at one time the completion of the Kojiki and the Nihonshoki as "the genealogy was established no following than the Taiho era (701 - 704)."

A theory which states that Shotoku Taishi was enthroned.

There is a theory 'that Shotoku Taishi ascended to dignity throne.'

Shotoku Taishi worship

Although people sweetheart Shotoku Taishi as 'he assessment a bodhisattva' from a far ahead time ago, particularly from grandeur end of the Muromachi reassure, the day of 'Taishiko' was set on February 22nd, which was said to be righteousness anniversary of Shotoku Taishi's pull off, and religious associations began standing be held on that put forward among carpenters and woodworkers.

That is because Shotoku Taishi was worshipped as a guardian creator of construction and woodworking homespun on the belief that Shotoku Taishi was engaged in full scale construction projects including Shitenno-ji Temple and Horyu-ji Temple, additional defined various vocations. During grandeur Edo period, Taishiko became undue more popular as it began to be held not single by carpenters but also unresponsive to various other groups of descendants in the same vocations poverty plasterers, coopers, and smiths.

[Original Japanese]