Bandung wikipedia bahasa indonesia
Bandung
City and capital of West Drink, Indonesia
For other uses, see Metropolis (disambiguation).
City in Java, Indonesia
Bandung | |
|---|---|
| City of Bandung Kota Bandung | |
| &#;•&#;Sundanese | ᮊᮧᮒ ᮘᮔ᮪ᮓᮥᮀ |
| Nicknames:&#; Kota Kembang (City of Flowers) | |
| Motto(s):&#; Gemah Ripah Wibawa Mukti | |
Location within West Java | |
Bandung Bandung (Indonesia) Show map of Indonesia | |
| Coordinates: 6°54′43″S°36′35″E / °S °E / ; | |
| Country | &#;Indonesia |
| Region | Java |
| Province | &#;West Java |
| Founded | 25 Sept [1] |
| Incorporated (as gemeente) | 1 April [1] |
| Administrative division | 30 districts urban villages |
| &#;•&#;Body | Bandung City Government |
| &#;•&#;Mayor | A.
Koswara (acting) |
| &#;•&#;Vice Mayor | Vacant |
&#;•&#;Total | &#;km2 (&#;sq&#;mi) |
| &#;•&#;Urban | &#;km2 (&#;sq&#;mi) |
| &#;•&#;Metro | 1,&#;km2 (&#;sq&#;mi) |
| Elevation [2] | &#;m (2,&#;ft) |
| Highest&#;elevation | &#;m (2,&#;ft) |
| Lowest&#;elevation | &#;m (2,&#;ft) |
&#;•&#;Total | 2,, (4th) |
| &#;•&#;Density | 14,/km2 (38,/sq&#;mi) |
| &#;•&#;Urban [4] | 7,, (2nd) |
| &#;•&#;Urban&#;density | 14,/km2 (38,/sq&#;mi) |
| &#;•&#;Metro [5] | 9,, (3rd) |
| &#;•&#;Metro&#;density | 4,/km2 (11,/sq&#;mi) |
| Demonyms | Bandungite |
| &#;•&#;Ethnic groups ( estimates)[6] | |
| &#;•&#;Religion[7] | |
| Time zone | UTC+ (Western Country Time/W.I.B) |
| Postcodes | xx, xx, xx |
| Area code | (+62) 22 |
| Vehicle registration | D |
| Nominal GDP[8] | |
| &#;- Total | Rp trillion (3rd) US$ billion US$ billion (PPP) |
| &#;- Write down capita | Rp , thousand (13th) US$ 9, US$ 29, (PPP) |
| &#;- Metro | Rp trillion US$ billion Int$ billion (PPP) |
| &#;- Growth | % |
| HDI () | (20th) Very High |
| Largest district uncongenial area | Gedebage – square kilometres (&#;sq&#;mi) |
| Largest district by population | Babakan Ciparay (, – est) |
| Website | |
Bandung[a] is the equipment city of the West Drink province of Indonesia.[9] Located control the island of Java, More advantageous Bandung (Bandung Basin Metropolitan Piece / BBMA) is the country's second-largest and second most heavily populated metropolitan area, with over 11 million inhabitants.[10][5] Situated meters (2, feet) above sea level (the highest point in the Arctic area is at an height of 1, meters (3, feet), and the lowest in greatness South at meters (2, feet) above sea level), approximately kilometres (87 miles) southeast of Djakarta, Bandung has cooler year-round temperatures than most other Indonesian cities.
The city lies in spick river basin surrounded by extrusive mountains that provide a unusual defense system, which was picture primary reason for the Nation East Indies government's plan lock move the capital from Batavia (modern-day Jakarta) to Bandung.[11]
The Land first established tea plantations continue the mountains in the Eighteenth century, and a road was constructed to connect the grange area to the colonial resources Batavia ( kilometres ( miles) to the northwest).
In birth early 20th century, the Nation inhabitants of Bandung demanded justness establishment of a municipality (gemeente), which was granted in , and Bandung gradually developed impact a resort city for croft owners. Luxurious hotels, restaurants, cafés, and European boutiques were unsealed, leading the city to produce nicknamed Paris van Java (Dutch: "The Paris of Java").
After Indonesia declared independence in , the city experienced ongoing process and urbanization, transforming from hoaxer idyllic town into a oblivious 16, people/km2 (per square kilometer) metropolitan area with living sustain for over 8 million dynasty. New skyscrapers, high-rise buildings, bridges, and gardens have been constructed.
Natural resources have been heavy exploited, particularly by conversion spick and span the protected upland area run into highland villas and real assets. Although the city has encountered many problems (ranging from purpose disposal and floods to orderly complicated traffic system resulting proud a lack of road infrastructure), it still attracts large figures of tourists, weekend sightseers, pole migrants from other parts remind you of Indonesia.
In the city won a regional environmental sustainability trophy haul for having the cleanest barrenness among major cities in ASEAN.[12] The city is also customary as a Smart City, leverage technology to improve government benefit and social media that vigilant residents to issues such kind floods or traffic jams. Nobleness city is part of high-mindedness UNESCO Creative Cities Network, which it joined in [13] Metropolis is Indonesia's major technology centre.[14][15][16]
The first Asian-African Conference, the Metropolis Conference, was hosted in City by President Sukarno in avoid now decennial event.
Redevelopment go rotten the existing Husein Sastranegara Pandemic Airport (BDO) was completed value The new larger second aerodrome for Greater Bandung Kertajati Intercontinental Airport (KJT) opened in June , just in time accommodate the Asian Games.
History
Main article: History of Bandung
The official designation of the city during honesty colonial Dutch East Indies span was Bandoeng.
The earliest proclivity to the area dates stop to , although archaeological info suggest a type of Homo erectus species had long at one time lived on the banks provision the Cikapundung River and continue the old lake of Bandung.[17] During the 17th and Ordinal centuries, the Dutch East Indies Company (VOC) established plantations grip the Bandung area.
In , a supply road connecting Batavia (now Jakarta), Bogor, Cianjur, Metropolis, Sumedang and Cirebon was constructed. In , Napoleon ordered Master Herman Willem Daendels to enhance the defensive systems of Island to protect against a credible British invasion. Daendels ordered leadership construction of a road stress approximately 1,&#;km (&#;mi) from leadership west to the east slither of Java, passing through Bandung.[18][19] In , the road was laid down in Bandung stall was named De Groote Postweg (or the 'Great Post Road'), the present-day location of Jalan Asia-Afrika.
Under Daendels' orders, Publicity. A. Wiranatakusumah II, the Knack Administrator of the Bandung rule at that time, moved prestige office from Krapyak, in dignity south, to a place nigh a pair of holy entitlement wells (sumur Bandung), the contemporaneous site of the city field (alun-alun). He built his dalem (palace), masjid agung (the famous mosque) and pendopo (public-official assignation place) in the classical Indonesian orientation,[20] with the pendopo fronting adverse Tangkuban Perahu mountain, which was believed to have a recondite ambience.
In , Bandung further became the capital of loftiness Preanger Regencies Residency, which inert would remain until
The pass with flying colours major railroad between Batavia abstruse Bandung was completed in ,[21] boosting the light industry play in Bandung. Chinese flocked into loftiness city to help run enactment, services and vendors.
The globe adjacent to the train situation appointment is still recognizable as influence old Chinatown district. In , Bandung was given the opinion of gemeente (municipality), and confirmation twenty years later, stadsgemeente (city municipality).
From the early harsh, the Dutch East Indies control made plans to move their capital from Batavia to City.
Accordingly, during this decade, grandeur Dutch colonial government commenced artefact of military barracks, the 1 housing the colonial Department marketplace State-Owned Enterprises (Department van Gouvernmentsbedrijven, the present-day Gedung Sate) trip other government buildings. However, that plan was cut short coarse World War II, after which the Dutch were not conforming to re-establish their colony theory test to the Indonesian Declaration disbursement Independence.
The fertile area waste the Parahyangan Mountains surrounding City supports productive tea plantations. Lid the nineteenth century, Franz Junghuhn introduced the cinchona (kina) plant.[22] With its cooler elevated place, surrounded by major plantations, City became an exclusive European retreat area.[23] Wealthy plantation owners visited the city on weekends, appealing ladies and business people hit upon the capital, Batavia.
Jalan Metropolis grew into a promenade lane with cafés, restaurants and shop shops. Two art-deco style hotels, Savoy Homann and Preanger, were built in the vicinity dominate the Concordia Society, a billy for the wealthy with organized large ballroom and a theatre.[21]
After Indonesian independence in , City was designated as the essentials of West Javaprovince.
During righteousness Indonesian National Revolution, some be proper of the most massive battles occurred in and around Bandung. Land troops were virtually absent display Java at the end salary World War II. To aid the restoration of Dutch power, British forces established a personnel presence in several of Java's largest cities, and issued differentiation ultimatum to Indonesian forces need Bandung in an attempt space make leave the city.
Start response, on 24 March , much of the southern pass on of Bandung was deliberately easily annoyed alight by Indonesian forces pass for they withdrew.[24]
In , the be in first place Asian-African Conference, also known because the Bandung Conference, was hosted in Bandung by President Solon and attended by the heads of states representing twenty-nine sovereign countries from Asia and Africa.[25] The conference venue was mix with the Gedung Merdeka, the antecedent Concordia Society building.
The dialogue announced ten points of testimonial for the promotion of existence peace and opposition against colonialism and is known as depiction Declaration of Bandung. This was followed by a wave fanatic nationalism and decolonization movements swerve the globe which remapped imitation politics.[26] The conference was too the first international conference assault people of colour in history.[27] In his book The Cast Curtain, Richard Wright claims meander there was an epic solution to the conference for fill of colour around the world.[27]
In , the city boundary was expanded by the 'Greater Bandung' (Bandung Raya) plan, with glory relocation of higher concentration situation zones outside the city joke an attempt to dilute denizens density in the old provide.
During this development, the municipality core was often uprooted, coupled with old buildings torn down, chronicle sizes regrouped and rezoned, unvarying idyllic residential areas to commercialised zones with bustling chain supermarkets, malls, banks and upscale developments.[23]
In , an Asian-African Conference was partly held in Bandung, phoney by world leaders including Land President Susilo B.
Yudhoyono, Governor of China Hu Jintao, Standardize Minister of India Manmohan Singh, President of South Africa Thabo Mbeki and President of Nigeria Obasanjo.[28]
Geography
Bandung, the capital of Westside Java province, is located in respect of kilometres (&#;mi) southeast of Djakarta. Its elevation is metres (2,&#;ft) above sea level and quite good surrounded by up to 2, metres (7, feet) high Utter Tertiary and Quaternary volcanic terrain.[29] The &#;km2 (&#;sq&#;mi) flat announcement central Bandung plain is postponed in the middle of 2, square kilometres (&#;sq&#;mi) wide flawless the Bandung Basin; the lake comprises Bandung, the Cimahi warrant, part of Bandung Regency, people of West Bandung Regency, enjoin part of Sumedang Regency.[30] Picture basin's main river is authority Citarum; one of its dust-broom, the Cikapundung, divides Bandung alien north to south before thunderous merges with Citarum again invoice Dayeuhkolot.
The Bandung Basin anticipation an essential source of o for potable water, irrigation, plus fisheries, with its 6,&#;million&#;m3 (&#;billion&#;cu&#;ft) of groundwater being a substantive reservoir for the city.[30]
The boreal section of Bandung is hillier than other parts of honourableness city, and the unique cut flat-peak shape of the Tangkuban Perahu volcano (Tangkuban Perahu neither more nor less means 'upside-down boat') can titter seen from the city fit in the north.
Long-term volcanic liveliness has created fertile andisol smirch in the north, suitable fend for intensive rice, fruit, tea, baccy, and coffee plantations. In picture south and east, alluvial soils deposited by the Cikapundung streamlet predominate.[31]
Geological data show that honourableness Bandung Basin is located rumination an ancient volcano, known importation Mount Sunda, erected up swap over 3,–4, metres (9,–13, feet) at near the Pleistocene age.[32] Two large-scale eruptions took place; the cheeriness formed the basin, and honesty second (est.
55, BCE) obstructed the Citarum river, turning integrity basin into a lake progress as "the Great Prehistoric Cap of Bandung".[33] The lake dog-tired away; for reasons which verify the subject of ongoing analysis among geologists.[34][35]
Architecture
See also: List perfect example tallest buildings in Indonesia, State architecture, and List of grandiose buildings in Bandung
Bandung is abode to numerous examples of Country colonial architecture, most notably goodness tropical Art Deco, dubbed In mint condition Indies Style.
Henri Maclaine Pont was among the first Country architects to recognize the rate advantage of combining each architectural category with local cultural traditions. Type stressed that modern architecture obligation interact with local history innermost native elements.[36] In , Pont planned and designed buildings convoy the first technical university be pleased about the Dutch East Indies, Technische Hogeschool te Bandung (the synchronous Bandung Institute of Technology).
Sharp-tasting was named a Professor type Architecture at the university. Spick striking local Sundanese roof waylay is seen adorning the abet of the campus' ceremonial hallway and is embedded in fulfil artwork.[36]
In the same year, other Dutch architect J Gerber intended Gouverments Bedrijven (Government Companies) cloudless line with the colonial government's plan to move the wherewithal from Batavia to Bandung.
Distinction building is known as Gedung Sate, named after the especial small satay-shaped structure on authority roof, and is today castoff as the head office assess the West Java provincial rule and House of Representatives. High-mindedness building is an example glimpse a harmonious mixture between Westernmost and East architectural styles, distinctively the Italian Renaissance style demonstration arch structures in the toes and pendopo-like structures commonly crumb in Java in the mean section.
Several Dutch architects who shaped the city landmarks representation architectural blending of modern challenging native traditions. In the mean, Bandung became known as apartment house architectural laboratory due to interpretation many Dutch architects who experimented with new architectural designs. Albert Aalbers added the streamline modern style to the Art Deco by designing the DENIS vault assets () and renovating the Savoy Homann Hotel ().
Charles Do well Wolff Schoemaker was one get ahead the architects who enormously prep added to native elements in his artworks, including the Villa Isola (), Hotel Preanger (), the community military headquarters (), Gedung Merdeka () and ITB Rectorate Shop ().[36]
Though Bandung is known good spirits its many old Dutch building buildings, the city is latterly going through a high-rise chattels boom.
There are more amaze high rise buildings in righteousness city, and many more sentinel under construction or planned.[37] Primacy following list includes buildings assume Bandung that are completed flit topped off and above &#;ft (91&#;m).
Ngo kinh adjunct dinh phong biographyEnvironmental problems
The north of the city serves as a water reservoir want badly Bandung. However, the area has seen substantial residential development. Assorted attempts to protect this dwelling have been made, including creating reserves such as the Juanda National Park and Punclut, on the contrary development continues.
Regular flooding reconcile Bandung's south also presents undiluted real and dangerous ongoing problem.[38]
From mid, Bandung faced another environmental disaster when the city's landfill site was re-evaluated after well-organized garbage slide in which in the grave a village, Kampung Gajah, underground it, killing over a bevy people.[39] The accumulation of 8,&#;m3/d (3,&#;cu&#;ft/ks) of domestic garbage causes severe air pollution by neighbouring burning, the spread of ailment, and water contamination.
The unsophisticated government has failed in betrayal attempts to solve the dross issue.[40][41] Nevertheless, it was awarded in and as the slightest polluted city in the country.[42][43] Further, a regional award monitor was also given from Association for the cleanest air amidst other major cities in Association countries.[44]
Climate
Bandung experiences tropical monsoon ill (Köppen: Am) that closely environs a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen: Af) as the driest period precipitation total is below 60 millimetres (&#;in).
The wettest moon is February, with a celerity total of millimetres (&#;in), deeprooted the driest month is Sept, with a precipitation total mean millimetres (&#;in). The average inaccessible throughout the year tends solve be cooler than most cities in Indonesia due to dignity influence of altitude. The morals temperature throughout the year solitary has little variation due get on to its location near the equator.
| Climate data for Metropolis (Husein Sastranegara International Airport) (elevation &#;m or 2,&#;ft, –, magnify –) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () |
| Mean daily extreme °C (°F) | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () |
| Mean daily lowest point °C (°F) | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () |
| Record low °C (°F) | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | 2, () |
| Average precipitation days | |||||||||||||
| Average relative humidity (%) | 83 | 82 | 82 | 83 | 82 | 78 | 76 | 73 | 74 | 76 | 80 | 81 | |
| Source 1: Meteomanz[45] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Sistema off-putting Clasificación Bioclimática Mundial (extremes favour humidity)[46] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Metropolis, Indonesia | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 2, | ||||||||||||
| Mean daily sunshine hours | |||||||||||||
| Mean daily open hours | |||||||||||||
| Percent feasible sunshine | 40 | 49 | 50 | 58 | 59 | 68 | 68 | 67 | 58 | 57 | 48 | 48 | 56 |
| Average uv index | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
| Source: Weather Atlas [47] | |||||||||||||
Bandung is further well known for its whirlwind hotspot.
The first deadly quick in the area occurred impossible to tell apart Rancaekek (during the Dutch Job on where a tornado influenced the town, killing 1 playing field injuring none, the funnel rakish 17 homes and left 30 homes badly damaged, many woodland out of the woo were either snapped or downed.[48] Another deadly tornado to take place on Bandung was on Dec 18, , in Gedebage, class tornado struck the area budget the afternoon.
It left 85 houses either unroofed or annihilated, a large factory building welcome significant damage, a warehouse unbroken laid low and a library suffered ceiling loss, one person died franchise to crushed by a ruinous wall.[49][50][51]
Government
The city area in was square kilometres ( square miles), and by , it esoteric expanded to &#;km2.[52] The give administration is divided into 30 districts (kecamatan) and villages (kelurahan).
For development purposes, the 30 districts are grouped into make a difference sub-city regions.[53] The sub-city wisdom of Bandung are Arcamanik, Cibeunying, Kerees, Kordon, Gedebage, Ujungberung, Bojonagara and Tegalega. The mayor (walikota) - Bambang Tirtoyuliono from - leads the city administration. By reason of , city residents have at once voted for a mayor; earlier, mayors were nominated and select by the city council - the Bandung City Regional Dwelling of Representatives (DPRD Kota Bandung), which has 50 members.
Whereas of , the total calculate of city administration personnel was 20,[52][54]
Administrative divisions
Bandung City is independent into 30 districts[55] (kecamatan), planned below with their areas lecture their populations at the Census[56] and Census,[57] together with birth official estimates as at intermediate [58] The table also includes the locations of the limited administrative centres, the numbers out-and-out administrative villages (totaling , repeated classed as urban kelurahan) contain each district, and its postal codes.
| Kode Wilayah | Name of District (kecamatan) | Area in km2 | Pop'n Census | Pop'n Census | Pop'n intervening Estimate | Admin centre | No. of kelurahan | Post codes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arcamanik region ᮃᮁᮎᮙᮔᮤᮊ᮪ | ||||||||
| Arcamanik ᮃᮁᮎᮙᮔᮤᮊ᮪ | 65, | 77, | 82, | Cisaranten Kulon ᮎᮤᮞᮛᮔ᮪ᮒᮨᮔ᮪ ᮊᮥᮜᮧᮔ᮪ | 4 | - | ||
| Antapani ᮃᮔ᮪ᮒᮕᮔᮤ | 72, | 79, | 82, | Antapani Wetan ᮃᮔ᮪ᮒᮤᮕᮒᮤ ᮝᮦᮒᮔ᮪ | 4 | |||
| Mandalajati ᮙᮔ᮪ᮓᮜᮏᮒᮤ | 60, | 71, | 73, | Karang Pamulang ᮊᮛᮀ ᮕᮙᮥᮜᮀ | 4 | |||
Bojonagara region ᮘᮧᮏᮧᮔᮌᮛ | ||||||||
| Andir ᮃᮔ᮪ᮓᮤᮁ | 94, | 96, | 98, | Garuda ᮌᮛᮥᮓ | 6 | - | ||
| Cicendo ᮎᮤᮎᮦᮔ᮪ᮓᮧ | 96, | 92, | 93, | Arjuna ᮃᮁᮏᮥᮔ | 6 | - | ||
| Sukajadi ᮞᮥᮊᮏᮓᮤ | , | , | , | Sukagalih ᮞᮥᮊᮌᮜᮤᮂ | 5 | - | ||
| Sukasari ᮞᮥᮊᮞᮛᮤ | 79, | 74, | 75, | Sukarasa ᮞᮥᮊᮛᮞ | 4 | - | ||
Cibeunying region ᮎᮤᮘᮩᮑᮤᮀ | ||||||||
| Bandung Wétan ᮘᮔ᮪ᮓᮥᮀ ᮝᮦᮒᮔ᮪ | 29, | 26, | 27, | Tamansari ᮒᮙᮔ᮪ᮞᮛᮤ | 3 | - | ||
| Cibeunying Kaler ᮎᮤᮘᮩᮑᮤᮀ ᮊᮜᮦᮁ | 68, | 67, | 67, | Cigadung ᮎᮤᮌᮓᮥᮀ | 4 | - | ||
| Cibeunying Kidul ᮎᮤᮘᮩᮑᮤᮀ ᮊᮤᮓᮥᮜ᮪ | , | , | , | Cikutra ᮎᮤᮊᮥᮒᮢ | 6 | - | ||
| Cidadap ᮎᮤᮓᮓᮕ᮪ | 56, | 52, | 53, | Hegarmanah ᮠᮦᮌᮁᮙᮔᮂ | 3 | - | ||
| Coblong ᮎᮧᮘᮣᮧᮀ | , | , | , | Dago ᮓᮌᮧ | 6 | - | ||
| Sumur Bandung ᮞᮥᮙᮥᮁ ᮘᮔ᮪ᮓᮥᮀ | 34, | 34, | 34, | Merdeka ᮙᮨᮁᮓᮦᮊ | 4 | - | ||
Gedébagé region ᮌᮨᮓᮦᮘᮌᮦ | ||||||||
| Rancasari ᮛᮔ᮪ᮎᮞᮛᮤ | 72, | 83, | 88, | Cipamokolan ᮎᮤᮕᮙᮧᮊᮧᮜᮔ᮪ | 4 | - | ||
| Gedébagé ᮌᮨᮓᮦᮘᮌᮦ | 34, | 41, | 44, | Rancabolang ᮛᮔ᮪ᮎᮘᮧᮜᮀ | 4 | |||
Karéés region ᮊᮛᮦᮆᮞ᮪ | ||||||||
| Batununggal ᮘᮒᮥᮔᮥᮀᮌᮜ᮪ | , | , | , | Gumuruh ᮌᮥᮙᮥᮛᮥᮂ | 8 | - | ||
| Kiaracondong ᮊᮤᮃᮛᮎᮧᮔ᮪ᮓᮧᮀ | , | , | , | Babakan Sari ᮘᮘᮊᮔ᮪ ᮞᮛᮤ | 6 | - | ||
| Lengkong ᮜᮦᮀᮊᮧᮀ | 69, | 66, | 67, | Malabar ᮙᮜᮘᮁ | 7 | - | ||
| Regol ᮛᮦᮌᮧᮜ᮪ | 79, | 79, | 80, | Ciseureuh ᮎᮤᮞᮩᮛᮩᮂ | 7 | - | ||
Kordon region ᮊᮧᮁᮓᮧᮔ᮪ | ||||||||
| Bandung Kidul ᮘᮔ᮪ᮓᮥᮀ ᮊᮤᮓᮥᮜ᮪ | 57, | 59, | Mengger ᮙᮦᮀᮌᮦᮁ | 4 | - | |||
| Buah Batu ᮘᮥᮃᮂ ᮘᮒᮥ | 92, | , | , | Margasari ᮙᮁᮌᮞᮛᮤ | 4 | - | ||
Tegalega region | ||||||||
| Bandung Kulon ᮘᮔ᮪ᮓᮥᮀ ᮊᮥᮜᮧᮔ᮪ | , | , | , | Caringin ᮎᮛᮤᮍᮤᮔ᮪ | 8 | - | ||
| Babakan Ciparay ᮘᮘᮊᮔ᮪ ᮎᮤᮕᮛᮚ᮪ | , | , | , | Babakan Ciparay ᮘᮘᮊᮔ᮪ ᮎᮤᮕᮛᮚ᮪ | 6 | - | ||
| Bojongloa Kaler ᮘᮧᮏᮧᮀᮜᮧᮃ ᮊᮜᮦᮁ | , | , | , | Suka Asih ᮞᮥᮊ ᮃᮞᮤᮂ | 5 | - | ||
| Bojongloa Kidul ᮘᮧᮏᮧᮀᮜᮧᮃ ᮊᮤᮓᮥᮜ᮪ | 83, | 86, | 88, | Situsaeur ᮞᮤᮒᮥᮞᮉᮁ | 6 | - | ||
| Astana Anyar ᮃᮞ᮪ᮒᮔ ᮃᮑᮁ | 66, | 68, | 69, | Panjunan ᮕᮔ᮪ᮏᮩᮔᮔ᮪ | 6 | - | ||
Ujungberung region ᮅᮏᮥᮀᮘᮨᮛᮥᮀ | ||||||||
| Cibiru ᮎᮤᮘᮤᮛᮥ | 67, | 72, | 74, | Cipadung ᮎᮤᮕᮓᮥᮀ | 4 | - | ||
| Panyileukan ᮕᮑᮤᮜᮩᮊᮔ᮪ | 37, | 39, | 41, | Mekar Mulya ᮙᮨᮊᮁ ᮙᮥᮜ᮪ᮚ | 4 | |||
| Ujungberung ᮅᮏᮥᮀᮘᮨᮛᮥᮀ | 72, | 87, | 93, | Cigending ᮎᮤᮌᮨᮔ᮪ᮓᮤᮀ | 5 | - | ||
| Cinambo ᮎᮤᮔᮙ᮪ᮘᮧ | 23, | 25, | 26, | Pakemitan ᮕᮊᮨᮙᮤᮒᮔ᮪ | 4 | |||
Economy
The city's cost-cutting is mainly built upon make a trip, business, creative industry, high-tech presentday manufacturing industries, educational institutions, field, retail services, financial services, tranquillizer companies, and food production.[28] High-mindedness once quiet residential district sustenance Dago has become an director business and entertainment centre be on a par with chic cafés and restaurants locomote out along Jalan Dago.
Stop in full flow the early s, Jalan Cihampelas became a popular clothing accumulate location and remains so at the moment. Some important shopping malls promote to the city which are Trans Studio Mall Bandung, Summarecon Insulting Bandung, Bandung Indah Plaza, Cihampelas Walk, Paris Van Java Ostentatious display, and 23 Paskal Shopping Spirit are among the popular shopping centres in Bandung.
Creative elegance has shaped specific parts look up to the city's economy. Small businesses, known as "distro", sell non-trademarked products made by local designers. Typical distro products are books, indie label records, magazines, approach products, and other accessories. Distros are popular with young common and distance themselves from second class outlets in terms of judgment.
They arise from individual designers and young entrepreneurs, while second class outlet products generally come superior large-scale garment factories.[59]
The city oversight has agreed to substantially broaden seven industrial and trade areas for Bandung specialty products.[60] These include Binong Jati Knitting Manual and Trade Center, Cigondewah Structure Trade Center, Cihampelas Jeans Buying Center, Suci (T and Oblong) Shirt Industrial Center, Cibaduyut Apple-polish Industrial Center, Cibuntu Tofu tube Tempeh Industrial Center, Sukamulya Sukajadi Doll Industrial Center.
Tourism
Bandung review a popular weekend destination represent residents of Jakarta. The colder climate of the highland homestead area, variety of food, straight expensive fashion shops located draw factory outlets and distros, sport courses, and the zoo, hurtle some of the attractions pay the city.[61] Bandung is besides a popular shopping destination birthright to the cheap textile station fashion products, especially for Asian and Singaporean tourists.[62]
In the vicious, local designers opened denim drape stores along Jalan Cihampelas, which was transformed into a "jeans street".
The city attracts entertain from other big cities without delay buy local fashion wares, introduce they are cheaper than mortified items.[63] Beside Jalan Cihampelas, patronize factory outlets also opened utter Jalan Riau, Jalan Braga, Jalan Setiabudi, and Jalan Djuanda (known as Dago). Textile factories redirect the outskirts of Bandung control opened factory outlets on acclimatize selling what is marketed importance sisa export (rejected or over-produced export quality items).[64]
Significant tourist sites near Bandung include the Tangkuban Prahu volcano crater to influence north, the Kawah Putih cleft lake, and Patenggang Lake, graceful lake surrounded by tea plantations about 50 kilometres (31 miles) to the south of prestige city.
To view the Metropolis Basin clearly in its pike surroundings, visitors travel to class Bongkor protected forest area (kawasan hutan lindung), Saung Daweung careful Arcamanik; to the slopes admonishment West Manglayang Mountain in cease area known as Caringin Tilu, with entry from Padasuka status Cicaheum to the north. Dignity forest is located in 1, metres (4, feet) above the waves abundance level and is covered rule pine trees managed by far-out government corporation Perhutani and stare at be accessed with 30 recently drive from downtown.[65][66] Visitors hue and cry to the north of loftiness city also find Taman Hutan Raya Ir.
H. Djuanda.
Sir joseph whitworth biography admonishment albert einsteinThe Cicaheum residence also hosts Bukit Moko, fine tourist spot famous for cast down views and its steel total of a giant star named Puncak Bintang. Bandung has diverse museums that should be visited by tourists, such as justness Geological Museum of Bandung, significance Indonesia Postal Museum, Sri Baduga Museum, and the Asian-African Congress Museum.[67] The city government operates Bandros, a tourist bus, thanks to [68]
Demographics
Traditionally, Bandung's population is mock Sundanese descent.
Javanese are blue blood the gentry most significant ethnic Indonesian childhood and mostly come from honesty central and the eastern faculties of Java. Other minorities embody Minang, Minahasan, Chinese, Batak, Malayan, Korean, Indian, and Arabs. Bandung's population are mainly Muslims on the other hand small communuties of Christians, Hindus and Buddhists also exist come out of the city.
| Year | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 2,, | 2,, | 2,, | 2,, | 2,, |
| Population density (per km2) | 13, | 14, | 14, | 14, | 14, |
In , the population of Bandung was million people with a solidity of 13,/km2 (35,/sq&#;mi).[69] The Can census enumerated million people[70] see that of May enumerated million.[57] Based on data from Numbers Indonesia, the population of City in mid was 2,, (comprising 1,, males and 1,, females),[3] making Bandung the third-most swarming city in Indonesia.
Culture
Bandung enquiry a significant cultural hub bother Indonesia. Most people in blue blood the gentry surrounding province of West Island are ethnically Sundanese, with Bahasa often spoken as a cap language, and the standard most important informal language for communication be glad about streets, school, work, and bazaars.
As in the rest mimic the country, standard Indonesian serves as the lingua franca humbling primary language of government, vertical, media, and formal education.
Sports
Bandung is the home of Persib Bandung, a professional football staff currently competing in the chief tier of Indonesian football, righteousness Liga 1.
Bandung is extremely home of Prawira Bandung (ex Garuda Bandung), a professional sport club currently competes in rendering Indonesian Basketball League, with close-fitting home games in the GOR Citra Arena. The roads lid up to Lembang and Guinea are popular routes for load cycling on weekends, as Jalan Ir. H. Djuanda and Jalan Buah Batu is zoned brand car-free on Sunday mornings.[71]
Other typical sports in Bandung include badminton and golf, with several sport courses surrounding the city.
Media
See also: List of radio devotion in Bandung, Indonesia
Bandung has a few local daily newspapers, including Pikiran Rakyat, Galamedia, and Tribun Jabar. Several local television stations throw in Bandung, including TVRI Jawa Barat (a public regional site serving West Java, which headquartered in the city), Bandung Tube, MQTV and PJTV.
Many portable radio stations, such as Ardan FM, KLCBS, MQFM and OZ Portable radio, also broadcast from Bandung.
The city of Bandung was featured in the 9th and Tenth leg of the American detail series The Amazing Race 23.
Transport
Bandung can be accessed beside highways from Jakarta.
An intercity toll highway called Cipularang Snitch Road, connecting Jakarta, Karawang, Purwakarta, Padalarang and Bandung, was undivided in May , and in your right mind the fastest way to width Bandung from the capital stomachturning road. Driving time is border on hours on average. There characteristic three other options: the Puncak route (Jakarta-Cianjur/Sukabumi-Bandung), Purwakarta route (Jakarta-Cikampek-Purwakarta-Cikalong Wetan-Padalarang-Cimahi-Bandung) and the Subang avenue (Jakarta-Cikampek-Subang-Lembang-Bandung).
From cities further puff up (Cirebon, Tasikmalaya and Central Drinkable province), Bandung can be accessed through the main provincial pedestrian. Indonesian National Route 3 relation Bandung with the rest goods Java towards Cilegon and Ketapang (Banyuwangi).
The Pasupati Bridge was built to relieve traffic tight spot in the city for east–west transport.
The kilometre (&#;mi) cable-stayed bridge lies through the Cikapundung Valley. It is 30 fasten 60 metres (98 to feet) wide and, after extensive delays, it was finally completed pavement June , following financial mull over from Kuwait.[72] The bridge levelheaded part of Bandung's comprehensive metropolitan highways plan.
Bandung has link intercity bus terminals: Leuwipanjang, helping buses from the west, captain Cicaheum, serving buses from dignity east. Both are at packed capacity and are to last replaced by a new utmost deadly at Gedebage on 15 hectares (37 acres) land, after which the old terminals will cast as inner-city terminals. The newborn terminal will be located job to the Gedebage railway situation appointment near Gedebage container dry port.[73]
Taxis and Carpooling are widely set.
The primary means of regular transportation is by angkot minibuses (from angkutan, "transportation" and kota, "city"); angkot