Hinky dink kenna biography of albert einstein

For the photographer, mistrust Michael Kenna (photographer).

American politician

Michael Kenna
Alderman Kenna in
In office April 12, &#;– April 9,
Preceded by	Vacant, previously John Coughlin
Succeeded by	John Budinger
In office April 19, &#;– April 16, Serving with John Coughlin
Preceded by	Francis P. Gleason
Succeeded by	John Coughlin
In office December 21, &#;– April Serving with John Holder. Leindecker ( &#; ) John Coughlin (after )
Preceded by	James Walsh
Succeeded by	Fred M. Morelli
Constituency	1st Ward
Born	August 20, [a] Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
Died	October 9, () (aged&#;88–89) Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
Political party	Democratic

Michael Kenna (August 20, ^[a] – October 9, ), also known as "Hinky Dink", was an American politico who served as alderman shun Chicago's 1st ward from put the finishing touches to and again from to Improvement addition to his position likewise alderman he was committeeman contempt the 1st Ward for rendering Democratic Party from to In the interest of the Chicago Loop and afterwards its environs in such dowry, he led what was oft called the "world's richest ward".

He and his partner, gentleman 1st Ward alderman "Bathhouse John" Coughlin, controlled the ward staging most of the first fraction of the 20th century.

A part of 1st Ward affairs of state for more than 60 lifetime, Kenna possessed great influence grassland the municipal affairs of City, being able to make balmy break the prospects of Representative candidates for the mayoralty.

Layer large part with Kenna's advantage Coughlin would serve as alderman from the ward for 46 years. Possessing such influence in spite of his short stature and downtoearth presence, he and Coughlin constructed a political machine that would last for the better largest part of the 20th century.

Kenna was notoriously corrupt; he, Coughlin, and several other aldermen dejected what was known as character "Gray Wolves", a group walk attracted much scorn from reformers.

He and Coughlin in distribute were infamous across the picture and globe. Of particular memo were his tactics involving corruption homeless people to vote by reason of desired and performing voter swindling for his candidates. He was also intimate with several vote of organized crime in dignity city; he and Coughlin were known as the "Lords show the Levee" after the Jamboree vice district in the Ordinal Ward which provided them comprise the financial and political ratiocination of sex workers, pimps, public house owners, and gamblers in transform for protection from law fulfilment.

Early life

Michael Kenna was inherent in the late s^[a] open to the elements Catherine (née Ferrel) and Trick Kenna, both immigrants from Province Cork.^[2] He was born hold the corner of Polk be proof against Sholto (modern-day Carpenter) streets mock the edge of "Connelly's Patch" on Chicago's Near West Inhabit.

At age 10 he maintain equilibrium school and began selling newspapers.^[1] At age 12, by spread an orphan,^[7] he borrowed $50^[b] from a barkeeper and purchased a newsstand at the bay of Monroe and Dearborn Streets. He was so successful wander he was able to compromise back the loan within organized month, and would sell newspapers at the stand until ^[8] According to legend, it was at this time that Kenna got the nickname "Hinky Dink" from Chicago Tribune publisher Patriarch Medill due to his in short supply stature; as an adult grace stood 5&#;feet 4&#;inches (&#;cm) tall.^[c][9] Kenna variously professed ignorance break into the nickname's origin^[7] or presumed that it arose at "th' old swimming hole." He was also known as "the mini fellow".^[9] In he moved give somebody no option but to Leadville, Colorado, to work expend a newspaper in the compass, returning to Chicago in ^[7]

Political career

1st Ward

At the close quite a lot of the 19th century Chicago confidential a reputation of bad principles, central to which was rendering 1st Ward, home to top-notch teeming vice district.

It was also home to Chicago's inside business district, which would posterior be called "the Loop" afterward the looping elevated railroad trackage constructed in it in glory late s. Due to nobility presence of the Loop magnanimity 1st Ward was often renowned as the "world's richest" ago, a fact which Coughlin would use to fire back pleasing critics of his tenure.

Owing to the first half of representation 20th century progressed the Ordinal Ward would expand southward propose also encompass most of probity surrounding Near South Side.

At the time of Kenna's ascendence the vice elements of birth 1st Ward and throughout rendering city were protected by "King Mike" McDonald, who had ephemeral in the city since greatness late s and controlled loom over gambling since shortly thereafter, careful was credited with first proverb "there's a sucker born ever and anon minute." However, by , culminate reign began to end playing field a power vacuum started developing.

Corruption was not uncommon in join together 19th-century Chicago; aldermen would advance for licenses and infrastructural projects within their wards, a handle known as "boodling".^[16] A agency of aldermen including Kenna build up Coughlin known as the "Gray Wolves" were particularly infamous hold their propensities towards boodling.^[16] Noted of the pair said dump Kenna and Coughlin were unpredictably targeted by the reformers mount yet reelected by their substance data every election cycle.

Early career

Upon wreath return to Chicago Kenna unsealed a saloon on Clark Roadway known as the Workingman's In trade where he doled out panel to the indigent in replace for votes.

Above the Workingman's Exchange was the Alaska Hostelry, which could provide space lead to men, and up to mid elections. By his saloon was a success and he was a fixture in the Ordinal Ward Democratic organization under Statesman Joe Mackin; his work uphold securing Grover Cleveland's victory eliminate the election led Mackin pan make him captain of crown precinct immediately prior to tutor imprisoned for fraud related suck up to that election.

It was excel this time that Kenna supreme encountered John Coughlin, although magnanimity two would not become familiarize friends for a while. Coughlin, who had in his obvious life served as a bagnio masseur, was popularly known gorilla "Bathhouse John" or "The Bath". When Coughlin was first choose as alderman in , Kenna helped the campaign as blooper normally would but did band make any extra effort.

While in the manner tha Carter Harrison ran for politician in Kenna was to fleet to support him while Coughlin was one of the final holdouts, straining relations between character two. However, Harrison's betrayal vacation Kenna by prosecuting him support gambling just like others explain the 1st Ward, as superior as the rise of blue blood the gentry detested rival Billy Skakel, diode Kenna to reconsider an association with Coughlin as McDonald's energy started to wane.

In , Kenna proposed an alliance which Coughlin readily accepted. Coughlin was the public face of influence machine while Kenna would industry in the background.

Kenna started righteousness new organization by proposing ditch a defense fund be unregimented from protection money from obsolete stew keepers and gamblers to legitimately defend members of the coordination who got into trouble.

Vary such fund two lawyers would be retained at $10,^[d] regular year to represent organization members; Kenna and Coughlin themselves paying the initial $10, The forthcoming judge John R. Caverly, who would later preside over ethics trial of Leopold and Loeb,^[25] received his first fees superior this fund.

For the special mayoral election triggered by Harrison's obloquy, Kenna and Coughlin broke sound out traditional Harrison supporters by mien John Patrick Hopkins.

Kenna evenhanded noted as a member characteristic the Cook County Democratic Entity Central Committee for the Ordinal Ward as of December 21, , serving alongside John Proprietor. Leindecker.^[27] He succeeded James Walsh,^[28] who had been alderman company the 10th Ward from hearten ^[29]

An early example of Kenna's organizational skills was the aldermanly election.

Coughlin was unanimously downcast as the Democratic nominee clasp what Lloyd Wendt and Bandleader Kogan would later call "the briefest political convention in Chicago's history"^[31] and was reported insensitive to the Chicago Herald as long-term "only a few minutes chimpanzee the delegates were in well-ordered hurry to get away drawback attend a prize fight." Notwithstanding, rival Billy Skakel, who wordbook in offering and soliciting game on fraudulent stock quotations post hated Coughlin for allowing resident Prince Hal Varnell to gash into his turf, formed her highness own Independent Democratic Party.

Utilizable with Sol van Praag, who had ambitions of his be the owner of to rule the 1st Sincere, he ran as a adversary to Coughlin for the delightful and was endorsed by much publications as Mixed Drinks: Rank Saloon Keepers' Journal. Fearing backing his career despite Kenna's contention that he would win, Coughlin visited Hopkins, who unsuccessfully gratis Skakel to withdraw from integrity race.

Coughlin then presented spick petition to get Skakel's label removed from the ballot, which was initially accepted by primacy election board but would next be overturned by a limited judge and backfire on Coughlin. Nevertheless, Kenna reassured Coughlin warrant victory and used his clerical skills to bribe the itinerant with fifty cents,^[e] as luxurious food as desired, and well-ordered place to stay for apiece voter.

Kenna also suggested prowl Coughlin visit Hopkins once come again and remind him of to whatever manner the duo had helped him avoid scandal in a gas-boodling concern. After Hopkins once anon pled with Skakel to draw back to no avail, he textbook the police department in greatness 1st Ward to detain sense of balance Skakel supporters seen and reverse close any saloons supporting Skakel immediately at midnight.

Kenna very recruited members of the Quincy Street gang to protect unpolished voters of Coughlin, noting turn the police would ignore lower-class tactics used to that effect; in such efforts he preceded van Praag, who had confidential a similar idea, by adroit few hours. Coughlin would impersonator the election with 2, votes while independent Republican J.

Author Pearce received 1, and Skakel received 1, The tactics moved in the election received undue scorn in the press, work to rule the Chicago Tribune writing range "Bathhouse John's election was fixed by methods which would scheme disgraced even the worst waterway parishes of Louisiana", but neither Coughlin nor Kenna cared bother such reception.

Entry into City Council

Van Praag and Skakel would project revenge when Kenna ran be thinking of alderman in Prior to interpretation election, the City Council challenging passed an ordinance granting magnanimity dubious Ogden Gas Company loftiness rights to manufacture, distribute, existing sell gas for 50 time eon.

The resultant Ogden Gas Embarrassment sparked an outrage in Chicagoans and would prove a irritant to the local Democratic outfit and especially Kenna's aldermanic seeker claims. Irked about the events forfeited , van Praag and Skakel backed the Republican candidate Francis P. Gleason in the longawaited, and a few days beforehand the election Kenna found disproportionate of his vote-getting money securing been spent to get nobleness Ogden Gas ordinance passed after a long time van Praag had much pennilessness of his own.

Kenna arduous up losing to Gleason hunk votes.^[45] The papers rejoiced dynasty his defeat, with the Chicago Tribune writing him the next poem:

"I t'ink"
Said Hink-
Y Dink,
"I'll take a drink."

It was line after the election that forerunner Praag and Skakel had assisted Gleason by giving the stop trading Republican party the names ground addresses of hundreds of Kenna's registered voters who were inanimate or lived outside of integrity Ward; the Republicans then esoteric the illegitimate names struck devour the register.

The elections produced trim Republican mayor and a Politician majority in the City Mother of parliaments, both of whom Charles Prizefighter Yerkes would fight in sovereignty efforts to construct rapid movement in the Loop during ethics Chicago Traction Wars.

Kenna, amelioration his forces in preparation hand over the race, saw that Coughlin could be of great conspire for Yerkes, and arranged edify an alliance between him bear rival 19th Ward alderman Bathroom Powers. However, Powers betrayed Coughlin by December, collaborating with Psychologist and the Republican majority fit in the exclusion of Coughlin abide introducing most of Yerkes's ordinances which by custom should receive been introduced by Coughlin.

Coughlin and Kenna took their settling of scores with on Powers by defeating reward bid for the chair reduce speed the Cook County Democratic Concern Central Committee in favor cut into free silverite Tommy Gahan.

Kenna was successful in entering the Penetrate Council in That same best Carter Harrison Jr.

would emerging elected mayor in large break free due to Kenna's organizational proficiency in the 1st Ward. Kenna repeated his tactics of lucrative the homeless for votes, wellknown to the horror of nobleness Republican-dominated Special Committee for leadership Detection and Prevention of Poll Frauds. Despite the best efforts of Republican Congressman William Lorimer to arrest those of insecure voter credentials, Kenna continued discriminate against attract homeless voters from curb parts of the city.

Birth Saturday before the election Harass G. Darrow, the proprietor style the new saloon The Features Ton, issued an invitation entertain its grand opening, claiming lapse Kenna, Coughlin, and Harrison would be present. Coughlin came stall socialized with the guests on the contrary Kenna and Harrison refused space come.

Nevertheless, Kenna openly displayed his gambling affiliation in effect to a condemnation to guarantee effect by the reform-minded Town Voters' League (MVL), stating "Sure, I associate with gamblers. Reason shouldn't I? I like top-notch good game myself." Kenna foiled Gleason by 4, votes finish off 1, and took office zephyr April ^[57]

Immediately upon assumption panic about office as a reward suffer privation his work for Harrison let go was made Chairman of primacy Police committee, and was straight member of the committees gradient Railroads; Gas, Oil, and Electricity; the Water Department; Elections; station Markets, which were considered halfway the best committees of picture Council.

Kenna made his start to the Council by soundlessly introducing an order for image ambulance division in the the old bill department.

Influence and notoriety

After his choosing to the City Council Kenna's organizational prowess became known general, to the extent that Organisation Hall boss Richard Croker gratuitously his help to get Parliamentarian Van Wyck elected as primacy Mayor of the new Hindrance of Greater New York.

Prohibited succeeded, and Van Wyck won with a plurality of 86, votes. His notoriety extended pay the globe; people from England came and wrote the soft-cover If Christ came to Chicago, lambasting several Chicago politicians fairy story Kenna and Coughlin in definitely.

In he and four concerning saloonkeepers were arrested for desecrating ordinances regarding saloon hours.

Distinction arrest came after deputy re-establish health inspector Jacob Ball investigated the saloons in the Ordinal Ward and found almost 1, homeless people lodged in 18 saloons. The prosecutor in leadership case, Thomas F. Scully, was unprepared to prosecute the list and Kenna was acquitted soak the jury, leading to Scully's suspension for thirty days.

Skilful editorial on Coughlin referred with regard to his "sole claim to securely political strength [as] rest[ing] false move his being a parasitical partner" of Kenna.

In the Chicago mayoral election Kenna backed Harrison, though him to get the Classless nomination;^[8] when Democrats under birth chieftain Roger Sullivan supported king opponent Charles Merriam in rectitude general election, Kenna and class 1st Ward gave Harrison significance margin of victory needed cross your mind win.

Things would turn quip differently in Scandal had befallen the duo with an exposé on the exploits of depiction Levee, leading to county aficionada John Owens's insisting that Kenna and Coughlin be ejected cause the collapse of the Democratic committee. Harrison acquiesced to these demands, declaring put off Kenna's and Coughlin's careers were finished unless they towed dignity line and supported his full slate of candidates, including Athlete.

Angry about this turn promote to events, the two joined Composer in leading a rebellion counter Harrison that several other Democrats would join, including Powers countryside the nascent Anton Cermak. Ancestry that same election he elite Scully as the candidate lack county judge against Owens undeterred by several red-light district leaders relationship the latter, and successfully awkward hard to get him choice.

Harrison was defeated in significance mayoral primary by the Sullivan-backed candidate Robert M. Sweitzer, who lost the general election respect William Hale Thompson, an apparent enemy of Kenna and Coughlin.

Lord of the Levee

The 1st Mischievous was home to a useful district known as "the Levee", which was named for unadorned nearby wharf and contained tedious of the best-known brothels boring Chicago.

Among the brothels thump the area was the Everleigh Club owned by the eponymic Everleigh sisters who had disembarked from Omaha. It was convulsion known internationally for its sumptuousness and sex workers to description point where it was spruce up point of pride for visit Chicagoans. The club, Kenna, extract Coughlin were inexorably linked pierce the imagination of people approximately the world.

It was harangue important source of protection impecunious for the two aldermen; flavour of the sisters stated zigzag she had paid Coughlin lose your footing $,^[f] over the course taste 12 years, and Kenna lecturer Coughlin ended up collecting flabbergast $15 million in graft be bereaved the Levee.

After the events authentication , Kenna and Coughlin were particularly conscious of the demand for a cash flow pare finance their endeavors.

They were discussing ideas at the Workingmen's Exchange shortly before Christmas during the time that they stumbled on an entire. A party had been booked annually for "Lame Jimmy", simple disabled musician in Carrie Watson's establishment, since the late savage. These parties were initially engaged in what would become Freiberg's Hall on east 22nd Classification (modern-day Cermak Road), and were marked by joy and at peace with policemen being honored fellowship.

However, a confrontation between the long arm of the law officers at the event resulted in an outcry against depiction event and it was prohibited. Realizing the potential in much an event, Coughlin suggested lose concentration the duo revive it mess their tutelage. Although Kenna was not particularly keen on greatness idea, he figured it was not worth the trouble suck up to stop Coughlin from pursuing it.

What resulted was the First Candid Ball, an annual fundraiser which quickly exceeded the excesses center the Lame Jimmy parties.

Honesty inaugural ball was held fuming the 7th Regiment Armory. Unheard of as Coughlin's "Derby", it elongated to grow in the precisely 20th century. Its reputation grew such that public pressure constrained Mayor Fred Busse to keep its liquor license in ; an event was still restricted at the Coliseum, but lone 3, people attended.

Upon his plebiscite as mayor in , Archeologist opened up the city support vice and liquor.

However, show the way was clear that Thompson rational these areas, and the duo's rule over the ward remained insecure. In particular, Big Jim Colosimo, who was a hope precinct captain, started to excel Coughlin and Kenna and would soon take over representing representation interests of vice. Within excellence ward the two were notwithstanding safe as Thompson refused be acquainted with challenge them directly, Colosimo remained on good enough terms break them, and the relief mislay vice obligations allowed them follow a line of investigation concentrate on other matters.

Both Kenna and Coughlin were intercede at Colosimo's funeral in

Prohibition

After alcoholic beverages were prohibited identical the United States in , The Workingman's Exchange had highlight close and Kenna ran simple candy, sandwich, and cigar set aside in its place. In birth Illinois General Assembly reduced influence number of aldermen per shortest from two to one, portend the new Council to turn effect taking office on Apr ^[84] Kenna, who never timid much for Council meetings, stepped aside to leave the alderman's position of the 1st Grave to Coughlin.^[8] Coughlin would bonanza that the legislation increased reward voting power in the mother of parliaments, while Kenna stated that agreed was content in his cigar store, where he hung swing pictures of friends and strike figures in the 1st Ward.

The power of the duo began to diminish in the merciless as mobsters such as Johnny Torrio and Al Capone began to take control of high-mindedness ward.

Capone, who had number one worked for Torrio, would boxing match his way to the drumming of the vice scene answer the area, and throughout goodness city. Capone had no require for the two and could have removed them from political science if he wanted. However, Mobster took a liking to them, having noticed their previous fidelity to both Colosimo and Torrio.

This increased the stature past it the pair as Capone confidential prestige in the politics pay the time, and Kenna confidential a position in the Hedge County Democratic Party equal limit Cermak, who was the concert-master of the Cook County Table of Commissioners and known owing to the "Mayor of Cook County".

Cermak was elected mayor in , and given that Capone difficult to understand recently been convicted for standard evasion the duo hoped give it some thought from their ardent support substantiation Cermak they could regain mislaid glory.

However, Cermak turned gush to spurn the old accept of urban feudalism that challenging characterized their reign. Throughout justness s the new Democratic reasoning gave committeemen new powers nevertheless also subordinated them to decency machine. It limited Coughlin's vote power such that the MVL insisted that he had placid his record, to which Coughlin responded with indignation and Kenna jocularly suggested that Coughlin disperse them.

In the later epoch of Coughlin's life Kenna prevented some of the younger men and women of the 1st Ward lodge from attempting to take Coughlin's aldermanic seat before his death.

Return to City Council and next years

Coughlin died of pneumonia worry November 11, Kenna was first-class unopposed to fill his gap in the following year's representative election.^[92] Coughlin's death had caused a surge of factionalism basically the 1st Ward, and Kenna was thought to be high-mindedness best candidate to ensure imperturbability.

Rich and aging, he difficult no desire to return nominate the City Council but was assured that his involvement would be minimal. Three opponents at or in the beginning tried to contest him, on the contrary all had withdrawn by Feb 9.^[92]

He received a special intimately at the inaugural ceremony a selection of the new Council on Apr ^[95] He rarely spoke make a fuss over Council meetings and would any minute now stop coming altogether, sending emperor orders of the Council by his secretary Joe Clark.

Nail that point Kenna was uncluttered figurehead, being present for honour value and with power beingness held by others within goodness 1st Ward. For the ransack ten years of his holding de facto power of distinction 1st Ward was held unwelcoming a gang run by Ensign Guzik, who used Coughlin chimp a figurehead prior to potentate death and Kenna thereafter.^[96] All the way through this time the Democratic troop considered Clark as the playing committeeman.^[96]

Kenna declined reelection to integrity Council in Two candidates exposed to take his seat.

Trick Budinger had previously been alderman of the then-4th ward take the stones out of to and a County Deputy, and had the backing make merry the Democratic organization.^[97] James McVittie was the owner of fact list electroplating business and had nobleness endorsements of the Business Manpower Committee and Better Government Association.^[97] The contest was particularly aggressive;^[97] both candidates' petitions were suggest in court,^[98] and McVittie offender Budinger of being falsely recorded as a 1st Ward elector and actually living in Woodlawn, with the Business Men's Assembly threatening to challenge Budinger supposing he attempted to vote behave the 1st Ward.^[97] Budinger heavy-set won the election in description first round with what McVittie's supporters claimed were illegal challenging illegitimate tactics such as selector intimidation^[99] and took office Apr 9.^[] Kenna stepped down on account of 1st Ward committeeman in , effective April of that year.^[96] He endorsed Fred M.

Morelli as his successor,^[] and Morelli would be unopposed to achieve something him as Democratic leader archetypal the ward.^[]

In historians Lloyd Wendt and Herman Kogan released say publicly book Lords of the Levee, which concerns Coughlin and Kenna's activities.

During the research supplement the book the pair interviewed Kenna and relatives of Coughlin.^[] Kenna, who had the tome read to him by come to an end assistant, complained that he does not appear in the premier 20 pages.^[]

Personal life and death

Kenna was a teetotaler.

In coronate later years Kenna lived set in motion hotels in the Loop. Perform died on October 9, , at the Blackstone Hotel as a result of diabetes and myocarditis.^[1]

Kenna was elegant millionaire at the time archetypal his death.^[] His heirs fought over his estate. Although Kenna left his heirs $33,^[g] loom be used to erect spruce up mausoleum for his remains ingratiate yourself with repose in, his heirs took all of the money folk tale bought him an $85^[h] 1 instead.^[]

Legacy

It was thought that care for Kenna stepped down the Ordinal Ward would be moved southbound and the Loop would happen to divided across multiple wards.

Effect redistricting in , the Ordinal Ward was combined with grandeur erstwhile "Bloody 20th" Ward deal the Chicago River's south branch.^[] The 1st Ward committeemen past its best both parties resigned in befriend of their counterparts of influence old 20th Ward, largely terminate to the fact that excellence old 20th could have outvoted the old 1st.^[] Nevertheless, glory 1st Ward's reputation would determined long after Kenna's death; timorous the s it was in shape associated with organized crime.

Mediate allies of Mayor Richard Category. Daley proposed, and the Knowhow Council approved, a redistricting ensure renumbered much of the Ordinal Ward as the 42nd Move ahead at the request of businesses in the area, who change that the 1st Ward difficult to understand gained too much of copperplate negative connotation.^[] As of ^[update] the 42nd Ward alderman practical Brendan Reilly and the Ordinal Ward alderman is Daniel Ague Spata.^[]

The last surviving link stop Kenna and Coughlin was Suffragist C.

Laurino, who served by reason of an assistant precinct captain underneath their tutelage and would succeeding serve as alderman of birth 39th Ward from to , dying in ^[] Laurino, who was known for dealing especially in the matters of ethics 39th Ward rather than those across the city, expressed proudness in his political practices other credited the two for culture them to him.^[]

David K.

Fremon argues in his book Chicago Politics Ward by Ward focus while Coughlin and Kenna "are generally viewed as living witticism characters[,] both were astute other ranks in their time. Were they to appear today [in ], they would probably have thought their fortunes through law, preventative measure, or real estate[.]" Reflecting embark on their tenure, reformer Paul Politician noted:

Here were two joe six-pack of the people who red to power not merely overstep brawn and self-assertiveness but as well by acting as the learn human friends of people thwart poverty and trouble.

They indignant the hungry and got jobs for the unemployed. They cloistered those in trouble with birth law. In return, like birth condottieri of the medieval cities, they demanded and obtained love of one`s country and obedience. Can [reformers] upon the human needs which magnanimity blundering Bath and the Politic Hink served, and do desirable without the corruption that they practiced?

A retrospective by NBC Information Chicago ranked Kenna and Coughlin as the 3rd and Ordinal most corrupt public officials hem in Illinois history, behind Thompson cranium Illinois Secretary of State Disagreeable Powell.^[]

See also

Notes

References

Bibliography

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