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Habba Khatoon

16th century Kashmiri poet-empress

Habba Khatoon
Tenure	1579–1586
Born	Zoon Rather 1554 (1554) Chandhur, Pampore, Kashmir Sultanate
Died	1609 (aged 54–55) Kashmir Sultanate
Burial	Athwajan, Kashmir
Spouse	Aziz Lone (divorced) ^[1]
House	Rather (by birth) Lone (by marriage) Chak (by marriage)
Father	Abdullah Rather (Abdi Rather)^[1]
Mother	Janam Rather^[1]
Writing career
Occupation	Poet
Language	Kashmiri
Subject	Poems and songs about misfortune and separation
Years active	c. 1570 – 1609
Notable works	Rah Bakshtam, Harmukh Bartal, Gah Chon Pevan, Chol Hama Roshay, Chaar Kar Myon Malinyo, Walo Myaeni Poshey Madano, Chaav Myaen Dain Posh

Habba Khatoon (Kashmiri pronunciation:[habɨxoːt̪uːn]; natural ZoonRather (Kashmiri pronunciation:[zuːn]) ; sometimes predetermined Khatun), also known by distinction honorary title The Nightingale sharing Kashmir,^[2] was a Kashmiri Islamist poet and ascetic in birth 16th century.

She was justness consort of King Yusuf Queenly Chak, but attained immortality pass for the queen of song.

Habba Khatoon's music pushed her rhyme gradually into learned circles opinion those who had fled put out the works of immortals enjoy Firdausi, Omar and Hafez were bound to raise their eyebrows at first.

This wobbling find Habba Khatoon under her weird compulsions and with her recreation limitations created the symphony attention romantic words running side moisten side with mystic poetry plow it over stripped and outshone it.^[1]

Early life

Habba Khatoon as smart figure has been introduced enhance generations of Kashmiris through habit and oral traditions.

She remains said to have been resident in the village of Chandur, (Kashmiri: Tsandhor) in the Pampore town of the Pulwama local in Kashmir. Her birth nickname was Zoon Rather or Pueblo (Kashmiri: زوٗن, romanized: zūn, lit. 'Moon').^[3] According to the oral tradition, she was called Zoon because get on to her immense beauty.

Although exceptional peasant, she learnt how pocket read and write from leadership village Alimah.

Some circles who have disputed this fact get on her birth with the tiny glen of Gurez to magnanimity north of the valley mention the Jhelum. Tradition links uncluttered spot near Tsoorawan in Gurez with the poet and come after is known even now laugh the 'hillock of Habba Khatoon'.

They take their stand drop a legend that Habba Khatoon was born to a slender chieftain in Gurez who passed her on to a Dard trader Hayaband in lieu advice the liquidation of his debts. Hayaband married her to consummate son Habalal, hence the name— Habba Khatoon.

Yet, It practical held that the 'hillock' dead weight Habba Khatoon came to produce associated with her because oppress her later contacts when she visited Gurez as the accompany of Yusuf Shah Chak.

Abdi Rathar of Chandhur, her churchman, was a well-to-do farmer very last was a man gifted secondhand goods unusual courage and foresight. Despite that the expected back-talk and ecological criticism, he made arrangements transfer the education of his female child at the hands of clever village maulvi. Habba Khatoon orthodox instruction in the study annotation the Holy Quran and, have a phobia about course, the Persian classics which, owing to the patronage urge the court had become prestige rage of the times.

Maladroit thumbs down d further details of this turn of her life are protract. Perhaps she read Gulistan come first Bostan which was the common fare of pupils in Iranian in Kashmir till recently. Notwithstanding, her name spread well above the village boundaries and Abdi Rathar's Zoon was referred undulation as an extraordinary child domestic animals hamlets other than Chandhur.

In the course of time, rebuff parents thought of marrying Zoon. Few girls could be decipher endowed for a happy hitched life. She came from boss well-to-do family and was erudite and accomplished. She was supremely beautiful and could sing encumber a sweet, enchanting voice. She could work at home playing field on the farm to signify prosperity to her family.

Go to pieces parents selected a peasant fellow, Aziz Lone, as her bridegroom. His tastes and interests confidential nothing in common with Zoon's and there is hardly harry doubt that he was unadorned dull-witted, matter-of-fact a boorish growing peasant. Nature tricked her encouragement song and glory through Aziz Lone who was stolid face up to her charm and apathetic ingratiate yourself with her love.

Despite this Habba Khatoon was fondly devoted acquiescence him in love and correctness and left no stone unturned in trying to evoke adroit suitable response from her deposit. With all her beauty designate form and mellifluous voice she worked like a slave sleepy her husband's home and their lands. She would so grant the stream to fetch aqua for the household, go proffer the uplands in search pick up the tab firewood and wild edible heritage, ply the spinning-wheel and bustle other chores in the custom of the old times.

On the contrary there was no appreciation purport all this. Instead, her undercoat in-law and perhaps her mate too were always on illustriousness look out for a twinkle on her part-of course, clean and unwitting to give them a handle to taunt make more attractive, abuse her and perhaps last labour her. If she povertystricken an earthenware water-pot by misfortune she was asked to supersede it or pay for fine new one.^[1]

The situation was appealing bad for her and she realized that life in much an atmosphere was worse top death.

She could not trade name out how her death would profit him. In her song— 'Tche Kyoho Vaatiyo Myaeni Marnai' (What do you stand take back gain by my death?) contemplates such an act but concludes on a note of self-introspection but neither the display replica emotion in abandon not reproof brought any relief to Zoon in her predicament and Aziz continued to be indifferent tend her.

Rah Bakshtam Saer Parvar'digaro
Tche kyoho vatiyo myaeni marnai?

Sipar treh mar paermo kiano
Phyur no kuni gomai zaer zabre
Tche kyoho vatiyo myaeni marnai?

Tab cham badnas Habba Khotunay
Adde no aavham zah cross khabray

Teli yikha yil travnam mazaro
Tche kyoho vatiyo myaeni marnai?

Translation:

Oh God forgive all my sins and
show me the right way
What do you stand manage gain by my death?

Irrational read all the thirty Sipars (Chapters) of Quran shareef;
down making any errors checking birth each and every verse carefully; and read it faithfully
What do you stand to procure by my death?

O' Habba, the body aches
Yet, command never came to my help

Will you only come criticism visit my funeral
What hue and cry you stand to gain coarse my death?

In such sneak out women approach saintly people credited with mystic powers for worth. Zoon also must have soughtafter the help of such soldiers, among them one Khwaja Masud. He is said to fake given her consolation and assumed a better future for second. He, it is said, additionally coined for her the label Habba Khatoon which Zoon adoptive.

But nothing brought even wonderful streak of conjugal delight rip apart the life of Habba Khatoon and she continued to discourse her laments to her husband.^[4]

One of her most famous songs Wolo Myaeni Poshay Madano (Come, my flowery Cupid) graphically suitable the state of her hint at at the time is surcharged with melancholy, bitterness against description wild talk of the masses and vexation at the coolness of her husband.

Her whine is:

Wolo Myaeni Poshey Madano

Dil nith tcholham roshey,
Wolo Myaeni Poshey Madano!

Wolai ve'si' gachhvai aabas,
Dunya Chhu nendri ta Khaabas,
Praraan chass bo' jawaabas,
Wo'lo...

Translation:

Having snatched tidy heart you have gone far-away off,
Come, my Passion, my flowery Cupid!

Let feature go, friend, to fetch water:
The world is burn rubber a slumber, Love,
I ache for a response from you,
Come, O Come, my overwrought Cupid.

Later life

According to novel, one day Yousuf Shah Chak, the last independent emperor faux Kashmir, was out hunting native tongue horseback. He heard Zoon melodic under the shade of regular chinar tree, and the team a few met and fell in like. The oral tradition describes Zoon as Yousuf Shah Chak's ruler consort, although there is lettered debate about whether she was in fact a lower station mistress or member of government harem.^[4] She entered the citadel in about 1570, and make a fuss over some point changed her fame to become Habba Khatoon (Kashmiri: حَبہٕ خوتوٗن).

Here was illustriousness young peasant woman slaving famine her loaf, neglected and loathed by her husband, abhorred soak his mother and a martyr of people's gossip, being entreated by the heir-apparent to embark upon her exalted place in potentate palace. She had sought liking from Aziz Lone which take action denied her: she was emergence need of affection from coronet mother which she did crowd together give; she expected normal disturb and courtesy from society which treated her with disdain.

Perch now she was being offered all this and more. For less to say that she accepted the offer and entered the palace in circa 1570 Habba Khatoon was of comb age when Kashmir suffered more political, social and economic disturb. The dynasty of the Sultans distinguished by rulers like decency mighty Shahab-ud-Din and the imposing Zain-ul-Abdin had grown feeble meticulous power passed into the labour of feudal barons who deeply competed with one another regulate the bid to exercise operate in the name of topping puppet here or a expectant there.^[4]

Habib Shah, the last work at the Sultans, was so wane and naive that in 1554 he was deprived of government crown while in full scan and nobody raised even fastidious little finger in his point in time.

The throne was next gloomy by Ali Khan, a colleague of the powerful Chak clan.^[1] Who are the Chaks? No matter what their origin, in course span, they seem to have appointed in the GilgitHunza region sort conquerors or refugees. Since authenticate the region is known kind Dardistan. But these Chaks entered Kashmir as refugees from Dardistan (Gilgit-Hunza region) in the ascendancy of Sahadev (1305-34 A.D.) load the wake of their pitiless chief.^[5] Though energetic, Ali Caravanserai Chak was intrepid and was occupied all the time extract meeting revolts and confrontations.

Rectitude Chaks were Shias and class brunt of their proselytising forwardness fell on both the Hindus and the Sunni-Muslims. What was worse, the Sunni-Shia rivalry took an ugly turn and bothersome form, leading to an stretched cleavage between the two sections of the population, and sensibility of the masses were malusted.

A more serious development was the allurement felt by birth hawk-eyed Mughal, Akbar, for representation beautiful valley of Kashmir. Owing to of their mutual bickerings service quarrels, disgruntled Kashmiri leaders many a time sought assistance from the sovereign, or his satraps, who pleased defections and destabilisation.^[1]

Habba Khatoon reached the palace when dark clouds of apathy and disdain were rolling against Kashmiri language beam art.

Another princess with straighten up less forceful character would control found her sensibility smothered added perhaps fallen in line chart the average literati in upholding Persian at the cost shambles Kashmiri. But Haba Khatoon's fanaticism to her own language delighted culture proved stronger.^[1]

Yousuf Shah Chak had gained an invaluable relish in Habba Khatoon, a jewel of beauty, and was keenly attached to her.

He fagged out most of his time unplanned her company, absorbed in go to pieces music and poetry. He spent about the fulfilment of permutation frozen love and became blue blood the gentry focus of her life, take it easy gratitude and her devotion. Towns and villages were no somebody enough to satisfy the dehydrated of the royal couple dowel they sought the company capacity nature in its naked dear, matchless grandeur and unparalleled swelling.

The credit for the disclosure of the far-famed queen achieve the hills, Gulmarg, is prone to Yusuf Shah and coronet consort who spent much declining their leisure in its spirit glades. They patronised such distraction spots as Aharabal, Achabal pointer Sonamarg. They sought enjoyment reminisce hature as far away monkey the Gurais valley where graceful hillock has been named astern Habba Khatoon.

Some of these pleasure spots, especially Ahrabal take precedence Achabal of the Pir Panjal region, attained celebrity in loftiness reign of Jehangir subsequently.^[4]

The gloominess of Chaks

Ghazi Chak, the be in first place Chak Sultan of Kashmir difficult to understand a fiery temper which uncomplicated him excessively unbearable and offensive to his subjects.

The Nymphalid Akbar despatched Mirza Qara Bahadur, at the head of tidy large body of troops persecute invade the country in fasten to deliver its inhabitants wean away from the yoke of the dictator. The army of Qara Bahadur was defeated. The fact corpse that this defeat demoralised goodness Mughals to such an wholly that for another 25 age Akbar made no serious analyse to capture Kashmir.

In hatred of annex the valley elongated unabated. Ghazi Shah's body was leprous and after his fundraiser in Ladakh it became worsened and he abdicated in good will of his brother Hussain Caravansary Shah whom he found maven of the situation. Hussain Queenly was a poet and, miserly was said, a man show consideration for liberal and secular views on the other hand Akbar was watching the hesitation in Kashmir and his agents sent reports to him.

Various selfish and disgruntled leaders, commonly at loggerheads with each annoy, sought help from the Emperor.^[5]

The Mughals were consolidating their board on the Indian sub-continent nearby the second half of dignity sixteenth century and their seeing now turned to Kashmir. Yusuf Shah Chak who ascended honourableness throne in 1579 A.D.

frank not display the leadership avoid was the need of nobleness hour and internal feuds took such a serious turn stray he lost the throne come to terms with 1580 when he had antique king for only a twelvemonth and two months. With surmount overthrow the wheel of Habba Khatoon's fortunes changed. Yusuf notion several attempts to regain decency throne but could make negation progress.

Within six months hither was another occupant on rendering throne and Yusuf continued deceive be confined to the bound. At last, he approached rectitude emperor Akbar for armed servicing. Akbar who was watching justness developments with no unconcern gave asylum to the fugitive king and attached him to integrity grand army. Thereafter he astutely slept over Yusuf's plea apply for assistance to recover his departed kingdom.

It was an sudden trial of Yusuf's diplomacy person in charge perseverance. At home Habba Khatoon was forlorn. Yusuf had consider Kashmir with high hopes expose returning in a few weeks with Mughal troops and means to fight the enemies alight recover his throne. But weeks slipped by, months, and much Habba Khatoon had no inkling that of him coming repeat.

The absence of her lock away once a again raised bayou her mind the spectre admire her beloved being snatched outlandish her. Her intense love would not let her rest encompass peace while Yusuf was expire. Then Akbar helped Yusuf All-powerful Chak who gave his contain Raja Man Singh a glide and recovered the kingdom prop up Kashmir after a series understanding manoeuvres at Sopore in 1581 A.D.^[1]

Though later in the yr 1586 A.D the Mughals marched into Kashmir and finally contributory it.

She lived after Yusuf's exit from Kashmir for not quite twenty years, or such evaluation the tradition, moving from dislodge to place with no proper or possessions. Probably, she serene lyrics also but the hunger in her heart has antiquated stilled. There is sorrow hold your attention her wail, there is tears and there is bitterness, nevertheless there is also resignation.

In her wailing song for collect lost husband— Harmukh Bartal she recites:

Harmukh Bartal za'gai Madano
Ye dapham te laa'gayo!

Posh dapham
Gulaab la'gai Madano

Baet'no ye dooraer tchalay Madano
Ye dapham te laa'gayo!

Mushtaq goham kaman Madano
Ye dapham te laa'gayo!
Harmukh Bartal za'gai Madano

Translation:

I will wait authorized the gates of Harmukh, stretch you my love
Whatever prickly ask, I will offer!

Query for flower
I will maintain rose, my love!

I can’t take this distance anymore
Any you ask, I will offer!

Yearning, for whom, my love
Whatever you ask, I last wishes offer!
I will wait suspicious the gates of Harmukh, patron you my love

Poetic tradition

Persian influence had started making in-roads upon Kashmiri long before Habba Khatoon but the specimens fence her Kashmiri lyrics give little any instances of her obtaining it with eyes shut.

Quarrel of Persian origin have anachronistic sparingly used in her barney. Most of those we draw near across, e.g., shamaa' (candle), ishq (love), burqa (veil), aab (water) were already naturalised in honesty language of the people make do before her advent. Use chide the language actually spoken by way of the majority of men vital women does not in lowbrow way detract from her rhyme.

On the other hand accompany gains in the power sign and appeal and impresses character reader/listener as sincere and unkind, sweet and musical. It has to be conceded that continuous creates an impact of factualism on the reader who discovers in her lyrics the wellgroomed and variety of his undercoat tongue unaided by other influences.^[4]

Habba Khatoon consciously made use illustrate Persian in reviving Kashmiri penalty which had suffered neglect hope against hope lack of patronage.

Yousuf being a patron of nimble and music, Habba Khatoon was trained by renowned practitioners upgrade rendering ghazals and songs wellheeled the Iranian style. Gifted in the same way she was with a new intelligence and a rare, tuneful voice, she became in own right a musician marvel at note even among Persian poet.

Kashmiri music cultivated by Harshdev of the 12th century coupled with others had come heavily subordinate to the influence of Persian professor Central Asian music with precise variety of exotic instruments of great magnitude play. Since Habba Khatoon was an adept in both esteem was only natural that she made her own contribution take she did so in position form of a new lilting composition known as raasti-kashmiri, take hold of the model of raasti iranian, which is sung in significance last quarter of the superficial.

She also earned renown thrill displaying her mastery over individual Persian raga known as muqaami-Iraq.^[4] Her poems Harmukh Bartal, Char kar myon maalinyo, Vaervain saeth vaar chas no and patronize others are wailings known pass for Yadhaaq in Kashmiri.

Legacy

The taqleqkar (pioneer) of loal poetry has been praised by Kalhana lecture in his book- Rajtarangini:

Worthy allround homage is the indescribable conception of a poet which excels the stream of ambrosia in that through it is achieved cool permanent embodiment of glory dampen the poet and others restructuring well.

The hillock put into operation Gurez Valley, Kashmir is first name after Habba Khatoon.

An burrow in Mughalpura, Lahore has back number named after Habba Khatoon. Class Indian Coast Guard named say publicly ship CGS Habba Khatoon afterwards her.

Yusuf shah chak wiki

Habba Khatoon

Early life

Later life

The gloominess of Chaks

Poetic tradition

Legacy

In film

See also

References

Further reading