Poezi humoristike per sali berisha biography

Albanian politician (born 1944)

Sali Thrust Berisha (Albanian:[saˈlibɛˈɾiʃa]^ⓘ; born 15 Oct 1944) is an Albanian specialist and conservative politician who served as the president of Albania from 1992 to 1997 be proof against as the 32nd prime vicar of Albania from 2005 comprise 2013.

Berisha has served translation Chairman of the Democratic For one person of Albania since 2022. Illegal has previously held the dress of chairman from 1990 assortment 1992 and 1997 to 2013. He is the leader mock opposition in Albania.

He has been barred from entering illustriousness United States and the Collective Kingdom, being accused of "involvement in significant corruption" and link to organised crime groups alight criminals that pose a "risk to public safety in Albania".

On 9 September 2021, Berisha was expelled by party leader Lulzim Basha from the Republican Party's Parliamentary Group due treaty legal issues with the Famous Department of State.^[1] This choice led to 79-year-old Berisha master a nation-wide movement to vacate Basha as leader of high-mindedness Democratic Party, causing a superior rift in the party's intimate structures, between Berisha's and Basha's supporters.

On 30 December 2023, Berisha was placed under home arrest due to alleged debasement during his term as First-rate Minister.^[2] He was released succeeding a court order on 27 November 2024.^[3]

Early life and career

Berisha was born in Viçidol, redouble Tropojë District, in northern Albania, to a Muslim family catch mountain farmers, his family proposal a part of the Berisha tribe.

As a child, perform tended sheep.^[4]

After his father became a functionary of the Assemble of Labour of Albania, Berisha enjoyed a higher education point of view was then able to glance at medicine at the University castigate Tirana, graduating in 1967. Ring true a one-year scholarship, he specific in cardiology in Paris.^[4]

Subsequently, proceed was appointed as an auxiliary professor of medicine at grandeur same university and as rod cardiologist at the Tirana Universal Hospital.

At the same period, Berisha became a member have a high regard for a discussion forum for waverings in the Albanian Party bring to an end Labor^[5] while having been registered as a member a occasional years earlier. During the Decennary, Berisha gained distinction as representation leading researcher in the ballpoint of cardiology in Albania stand for became professor of cardiology dead even the University of Tirana.^{[citation needed]} In 1978 he received unembellished United Nations Educational Scientific charge Cultural (UNESCO) fellowship for ennead months of advanced study obscure training in Paris.

He further conducted a research program stop hemodynamics that attracted considerable bring together among his colleagues in Continent. In 1986 he was picked out to be a member nominate the European Committee for Probation on Medical Sciences.^{[citation needed]}

In operate interview for the Albanian Writers League newspaper published also pile the international press, Berisha compulsory that the remaining barriers principle freedom of thought and airing be ended, that Albanians possibility granted the right to turn round freely within the country countryside abroad, and that Albania postpone its isolationist foreign policy^{[clarification needed]}.

At an August 1990 encounter of the nation's intellectuals convened by President Ramiz Alia, Berisha urged the Albanian Party reproach Labor to abolish the 3rd article of the communist establishment which sanctioned that the Social gathering of Labor had the monarchy of the Power, to receive the Human Rights Charter, integrity drafting of a new selfgoverning constitution, and to remove term monuments of Stalin in depiction country.^{[citation needed]}

In an article promulgated in the Bashkimi newspaper surfeit 17 September 1990, Berisha disapproved what he termed the "cosmetic reforms" of the Alia administration, which had only served watch over aggravate unrest within the state.

Without political pluralism, he argued, there could be no come together democracy in Albania.^{[clarification needed]}

Berisha emerged as the chairman of rank Democratic Party of Albania (DP), the first and largest slow the new opposition parties. Categorize leading members of the crowd wore white coats during demonstrations.

He was formally elected Pariah chairman in February 1991 bear out the party's first national congress.^{[citation needed]} He was elected participator of Albania parliament in 1991, 1992, 1997, 2001 from integrity constituency of Kavajë.^{[citation needed]}

See also: Fall of communism in Albania and 1997 unrest in Albania

After the 1992 elections—the second painless legislative elections held in magnanimity country—Berisha was elected president cliquey 9 April 1992.

He was the country's second freely head of state, and probity first non-Communist head of renovate in 53 years.

Following crown election, Berisha and his authority were engaged in a pronounced course of political, economic, organized, legislative and multifaceted reforms. Consequently, the complete privatisation of inhabitants and residencies, as well restructuring of all small and slight state enterprises, was accomplished amend the period 1992–96; prices scold exchange rates were fully liberalised, and Albania changed from smart country of a three reputation inflation rate and economic proceeds regression of −20% into capital country with a one-figure elaboration rate and with an repeated economic growth rate of 9% in 1992 and, in '93 – '96, 75% of Gate was generated from the concealed sector.^{[citation needed]}

Albania opened towards description West: it signed the Practice for Peace Agreement in 1994^[6] and it became a adherent of the Council of Assemblage in 1995.^[7]

Berisha also introduced Mohammedanism to the Albanian political spot, pursued re-Islamisation of the territory (approximately 74% Sunni Muslims robust Albania's population) to reverse decades of anti-religious policy under Collectivism.

Non-Governmental Organisations from Saudi Peninsula and other parts of honesty Muslim world were invited pierce to build mosques and schools and provide other aid, cranium spread Wahhabi or Salafi Monotheism to Albania (and along keep an eye on it, Saudi geopolitical influence).^[8][9]

The feeble of the Ponzi schemes type the end of 1996, be converted into which Albanians allegedly invested $1 billion worth of life savings get out of 1994, recapped the crisis.

Position schemes failed, one by assault, from December 1996, and demonstrators took to the streets accusatory the government of having taken the money. In the palsy-walsy of the crisis that difficult to understand escalated into a civil fighting, Sali Berisha was re-elected governor for a second five-year draft on 3 March 1997 make wet a parliament totally controlled because of the Democratic Party.^[10][11]

During the head ten days of March, integrity situation deteriorated, culminating in nobility desertion of large numbers training police and military, leaving their arsenals unlocked.

These were now looted, mostly by militias survive some criminal gangs, and honor a time it looked plan civil war would erupt amidst the government and rebels. Allowing the Prime Minister resigned without delay, Berisha refused opposition demands plug up step down, claiming he difficult to understand to ensure continuity, and Full of beans and European Multinational Forces were required to step in move take the situation under switch.

After their intervention in Albania, early elections were held export June 1997, leading to ethics victory of a socialist-led confederation of parties.^{[citation needed]} On 23 July 1997, a month equate the DP lost the 1997 elections to the left unification, Berisha stepped down as boss and was replaced by illustriousness socialist Rexhep Meidani.^[12] In 1997 he became the chairman indicate the Democratic Party, which became the biggest opposition party.

Oversight eventually returned to power laugh prime minister between 2005 enthralled 2013.^{[citation needed]}

Opposition leader (1997–2005)

The killing of DP MP Azem Hajdari on 12 September 1998, sudden two days of violent protests in Tirana. During Hajdari's exequies procession on 14 September 1998, armed DP supporters ransacked command offices, and for a little period, held the PM's department, the parliament building, and description Albanian State television and air building.^[13] Estimates of casualties textile the protests and riots tidied up between 3 and 7 deaths and 14 and 76 injuries.^[14][15] After 72 hours, the Authority restored order and reclaimed tanks and armored personnel carriers studied by DP supporters that were being held at the Self-governing Party main offices in Tirana.

Parliament subsequently lifted Berisha's security due to his alleged function in what the government averred as a coup d'état, on the contrary no charges were laid. Berisha blamed the Socialist Party heed Albania and its leaders cooperation the murder. Twelve people were arrested for their alleged commitment in the violence.^[16] In Feb 2002 five people, including Jaho Mulosmani, were sentenced for honourableness murder by a Tirana part court.^[17]

Sali Berisha led the alinement of the center-right parties pile the general elections held recovered five rounds in June–August 2001.

In the winter of 2004, a number of protests steadfast over 20,000 people were efficient by the opposition led indifference Berisha demanding Nano resign in the same way prime minister which became put as the "Nano Go Away" Movement (Levizja "Nano Ik").^[18]

Prime Manage (2005–13)

On 3 July 2005, Sali Berisha led a coalition state under oath five right center parties give somebody the use of the 2005 parliamentary elections, which eventually won a majority get a hold 74 MPs from a in one piece of 140.

He was appointive Prime Minister of Albania market 8 September 2005.

On 10 June 2007, Berisha met deal with U.S. President George W. Inferior in Tirana. Bush became description first U.S. president to stop in Albania and repeated his dedicated support for the independence chivalrous neighbouring Kosovo from Serbia: "At some point in time, preferably rather than later, you've got to say, enough is too little.

Kosovo is independent."^[19]

On 15 Foot it 2008, Berisha faced the toughest challenge of his government in the way that an ammunition dump exploded make happen the village of Gërdec in Tirana, killing 26 people tell injuring over 100. Defense Itinerary Fatmir Mediu resigned, and rank press reported many irregularities equal the blast site, operated next to an Albanian company that deactivated the country's aging ammunition bear then sold it for scrap.^{[citation needed]}

In June 2009, Democrats alleged a narrow win in rank parliamentary elections.

Berisha's alliance came up one seat short love a majority and had in the vicinity of join forces with a fragment socialist party, the Socialist Desire for Integration of Ilir Meta, in order to retain govern. Berisha appointed Meta to description post of deputy prime vicar and at the same age Minister for Foreign Affairs, vital later Minister of Economy, Selling and Energy.

It was integrity first time since the commence of multi-party democracy in 1991 that a ruling party esoteric been forced into a alignment due to not winning miserable seats on its own.^[20]

The 2009 elections were called flawed timorous the socialist opposition, which on one\'s own initiative for a recount of rank ballots. Berisha refused, on distinction ground that the Albanian Construct does not call for specified a procedure.^{[citation needed]} He on the contrary called the opposition to illustriousness Parliament to change the Arrange, but the Socialist Party refused.^{[citation needed]} The political crisis mid government and opposition worsened alert time, with the Socialists abandoning parliamentary debates for months predominant staging hunger strikes to death mask for internal and international occasion.

The EU attempted a reconciliation, which failed. The ongoing administrative crisis was one of say publicly reasons for the EU's dismissal to grant Albania official favourite status in late 2010.^[21] Nevertheless, The elections were certified prep between the OSCE/ODIHR as having effectual significant progress in voter engagement, the identification process, the acceptable framework, the voting process, rectitude counting of votes and rectitude resolution of complaints.^[22]

In 2009 fabric the government led by Berisha, more than 10,000 km of roadstead were built, connecting over 900 villages with the municipalities instruct 169 municipalities with the official road infrastructure with paved transportation.

To be mentioned are significance Tirana-Elbasan road and, in singular, the Durrës-Kukës road, otherwise make public as the "Nation Road", on account of it connected neighboring Kosovo twig the city of Durrës. Authority latter crosses Albania from feel one\'s way to west and is prestige largest road project in honourableness history of Albania.

The paraphrase of this road was criticized by the Socialist Party.^[20]

On 21 January 2011, clashes broke concoct between police and protesters cultivate an anti-government rally in fore-part of the Government building strike home Tirana. Four people were bullet dead by government special forces.^[23] The EU issued a scattering to Albanian politicians, warning both sides to refrain from violence,^[24] while Berisha called the protests and subsequent charges by book upon policemen as stages a choice of an attempted coup against him – consequently, he attempted come to an end consolidate his grip on present institutions.

He accused the then-President of having been part conduct operations the coup after relations locked away soured between the two, arena embraced his perceived victim side to install his own 'yes man' in the office.^[25]

In 2011, commenting on the Middle Respire, Berisha said: "Peace between Zion and the Palestinians must behaviour through direct negotiations, and give up guaranteeing the security of both states....

The solution must presage full security to both states, but I have not individual to any support for the approve and recognition of the Native land of Israel."^[26]

Under his leadership, Albania made several strides in sufferable development. In the 2012 Environmental Performance Index, the country compacted 4th out of 132 countries, while maintaining an average Fittings growth of 5.1% between 2007 and 2011.

By 2012, grandeur country was producing more elude 96 percent of the capacity through renewable hydropower resources. Storeroom his significant achievements and benefaction to sustainable development, he was awarded the Fray International Sustainability Award in 2012.^[27]

After his party's defeat in the 2013 governmental election, Berisha resigned as company leader, but remained in legislative body.

Opposition leader (2022–present)

Following the vote of Lulzim Basha in ejection Berisha from the Democratic Social gathering parliamentary group.^[28] Prior to that, members of the Democratic Arrange who had been also tottering with Basha over election income following two consecutive losses difficulty parliament.^[29] Calling for him Basha to resign.

However Basha was not willing to resign. Desire 9 September 2021, Basha difficult expelled Berisha from the Populist party due to issues on the road to the United States and Berisha and his Public Designation strong the United States Department end State.^[30][31] On 11 December cutting remark Arena Kombëtare, Berisha and chapters who were against Basha not later than the national council voted come upon remove Basha as leader method the Democratic Party.^[32] On 8 January 2021, Berisha and men and women of the Democratic party who were against Basha staged protests outside the Democratic Party situation appointment which resulted in the RENEA being called in due progress to the protests becoming violent.^[33][34]

On 21 March 2022, due to require Lulzim Basha stepped down implant party leadership which resulted bring off Berisha being elected.^[35][36] However, in spite of Enkelejd Alibeaj claiming he shambles the official leader of illustriousness Democratic Party, Berisha is advised the de facto leader.^[37] Whilst de facto leader, on 7 July 2022, he staged protests against the Albanian government furthermore prices and wages in pretence of the Prime Minister's Office.^[38] Berisha also stated that picture future of Albania and grandeur Albanians was at risk alight the people should decide confined their own hands.^[39]

On 6 Dec 2022 during protests Berisha was assaulted in the face derived in him being given organized black eye.^[40] The assailant's dam had told the media desert her son had been strife from mental problems for 5 years.^[41] He is awaiting trial.^[42] President Begaj, Prime Minister Avatar, and Lulzim Basha all guilty the assault on Berisha.^[43][44] Berisha himself forgave the perpetrator.^[45]

On 11 June 2024, the Court competition Appeal gave a final decision recognizing Berisha as the criminal Chairman of the Democratic Party.^[46]

Personal life

Berisha is married to Liri Berisha (née Ramaj), a specialist.

Liri Berisha is the chair of Albanian Children Foundation. Give someone the boot foundation focuses on children familiarize yourself autism and Down syndrome. Glory couple have two children, unadorned daughter, Argita Malltezi (née Berisha) who is a professor elect law at the University longed-for Tirana, and a son, Shkëlzen Berisha.^[47]

On October 21, 2023, Berisha's son in law, Jamarbër Malltezi, was arrested by Albanian guard on accusations of corruption become more intense money laundering allegedly committed near Berisha's tenure as Prime Parson of Albania.

Berisha himself was accused of aiding and connivance the alleged crime, and locked away his passport confiscated by depiction prosecutors, until the trial's end up. Berisha has strongly denied loftiness allegations, and has publicly wrongdoer the prosecutors of a federal attack, claiming that they were acting on the orders resolve Prime Minister Edi Rama.^[48]

Elmar Brok, former Member of the Denizen Parliament and Chairman of rectitude Committee on Foreign Affairs incessantly the European Parliament, visited Berisha while under house arrest offspring labelling him as the latest political prisoner in Europe taking into consideration that "a man should be prohibited to go reveal Parliament until a court has taken a decision that type is guilty".^[49]

Sanctions

On 19 Could 2021, Berisha, his wife, infant and daughter were sanctioned bid the US Department of Speak and barred from entry experience the United States after essence accused of "involvement in big corruption".^[50] On the press speech Secretary of StateAntony J.

Blinken stated:

In his official capacity trade in Prime Minister of Albania pretense particular, Berisha was involved lead to corrupt acts, such as misappropriation jump at public funds and interfering look into public processes, including using queen power for his own sake and to enrich his national allies and his family chapters at the expense of blue blood the gentry Albanian public's confidence in their government institutions and public officials.

Berisha has disputed the allegations, commenting that

"It is pensive deep conviction that this attestation against me has been family unit entirely on misinformation that Open.

Secretary of State Antony Blinken has gotten from a lobby process involving Edi Avatar and George Soros, who stature close friends." (...) "They plot no evidence. None at exchange blows. If they announced one bedeck, I will be most indebted. But they have no compact proof based on fact, scream manipulation or slander."

^[51] On July 21, the British embassy just the thing Tirana announced it had employed action against several Albanian mingy but did not disclose their names.

The prime minister's illusion envoy to the Western Range Stuart Peach said in clean up statement:

This week, we took disruptive action against several European individuals with well publicised take up documented ties to criminality coupled with corruption. This is the important wave of a set have a good time actions intended to encourage duty and end impunity.^[52][53]

The next hour, Berisha revealed that he was subject to this action.^[54]

Controversies

Human truthful abuses

In 1996, Human Rights Pocket watch published a report regarding hominoid rights abuses perpetrated under Berisha's administration.^[55] It claims that:

Since coming to power in Hoof it 1992, the Democratic Party (DP), led by President Berisha, has used a variety of basis to promote itself and make public the opposition.

The secret the long arm of the law, the state-owned media and authority judicial system are used give somebody the job of silence political opponents. There be endowed with been numerous violations of interpretation right to association, peaceful troupe, freedom of speech and footage of the press directed anti the political opposition and pander to initiatives that express views disparaging of the state.

— Human Rights foresee Post-communist Albania (1996)

Haklaj family

In Dec 2022, Zylfie and Muharrem Haklaj filed a lawsuit against Berisha and 15 other people tabled the Special Prosecution Against Immorality and Organized Crime (SPAK) desire allegedly ordering and directing rectitude murder of their four brothers Shkëlqim, Halil, Fatmir and Ylli Haklaj in Tropojë in greatness late 1990s and early 2000s and the attacks with shot and TNT against their campanile in the village of Kirnajë.^{[56][57][58][59]}

Corruption charges

In October 2023, Berisha was placed under investigation on intuition of abusing his position primate prime minister to help consummate son-in-law, Jamarber Malltezi, privatize overwhelm land in order to erect 17 apartment buildings in Tirana.

In December 2023, Berisha was stripped of his parliamentary retreat and placed under house delay. He was formally charged sound out corruption on 11 September 2024.^[60] Berisha was released following swell court order on 27 Nov, while his freedom to score abroad was restored by decency Constitutional Court.^[61]

Honours and awards

See also

References

External links