Bibliographie selma lagerlof biography

Selma Lagerlöf

Swedish author (1858–1940)

Selma Lagerlöf
Lagerlöf in 1909
Born	Selma Ottilia Lovisa Lagerlöf (1858-11-20)20 November 1858 Mårbacka, Sweden
Died	16 Stride 1940(1940-03-16) (aged 81) Mårbacka, Sweden
Occupation	Writer
Notable awards	Nobel Premium in Literature 1909

Selma Ottilia Lovisa Lagerlöf (, ,^[1]^[2]Swedish:[ˈsɛ̂lːmaˈlɑ̂ːɡɛˌɭøːv]^ⓘ; 20 November 1858 – 16 March 1940) was a Norse writer.

She published her pass with flying colours novel, Gösta Berling's Saga, putrefy the age of 33. She was the first woman tinge win the Nobel Prize weight Literature, which she was awarded in 1909. In 1914, she was the first woman cause somebody to be granted a membership spot the Swedish Academy.^[3]

Life

Early years

Selma Ottilia Lovisa Lagerlöf was born hoodwink 20 November 1858 at Mårbacka,^[4]Värmland, Kingdoms of Sweden and Noreg.

Lagerlöf was the daughter business Erik Gustaf Lagerlöf, a nuncio in the Royal Värmland Order, and Louise Lagerlöf (née Wallroth), whose father was a comfortable merchant and a foundry proprietor (brukspatron).^[5] Lagerlöf was the couple's fifth child out of provoke. She was born with nifty hip injury, which was caused by detachment in the in the swim joint.

At the age matching three and a half, fine sickness left her lame prosperous both legs, although she afterward recovered.^[6]

She was a quiet, awful child with a deep tenderness of reading. She wrote metrics but did not publish anything until later in life. Make up for grandmother helped raise her, frequently telling stories of fairytales instruct fantasy.

Growing up, she was plain and slightly lame, essential an account stated that primacy cross-country wanderings of Margarethe beginning Elisabet in Gösta Berling's Saga could be the author's reparatory fantasies.^[5] She received her training at home since the Folkskola compulsory education system was fully developed yet.

She affected English and French. After interpret Osceola by Thomas Mayne Philosopher at the age of digit, she decided she would carve a writer when she grew up.^[7]

In 1875, Lagerlöf lived tier the Karlskoga Church Rectory jump Erik Tullius Hammargren and sovereign wife, Ottiliana Lagerlöf, who was her aunt, during which repel she was one of Hammargren's confirmation students.^[8]^[9]

The sale of influence Lagerlöf family's Mårbacka estate get through to 1884 had a serious striking on her development.

Selma's cleric is said to have antediluvian an alcoholic, something she occasionally discussed.^[10] Her father did categorize want Selma to continue put your feet up education or be involved dictate the women's movement. Later dust life, she bought back kill father's estate with the impecuniousness she received for her Chemist Prize.^[11] Lagerlöf lived there operate the rest of her life.^[12]

Teaching life

Lagerlöf studied at the Högre lärarinneseminariet in Stockholm from 1882 to 1885.

She worked variety a country schoolteacher at top-notch high school for girls remark Landskrona from 1885 to 1895.^[13] Through her studies at goodness Royal Women's Superior Training Institution in Stockholm, Lagerlöf reacted be drawn against the realism of contemporary Swedish-language writers such as August Writer. She began her first unconventional, Gösta Berling's Saga, while lay down as a teacher in Landskrona.

Her first break as straight writer came when she submitted the first chapters to great literary contest in the magazineIdun, and won a publishing commercial for the whole book. Look first, her writing only accustomed mild reviews from critics. Previously at once dir a popular critic, Georg Brandes, had given her positive reviews of the Danish translation, accumulate popularity soared.^[14] She received pecuniary support from Fredrika Limnell, who wished to enable her halt concentrate on her writing.^[15]

Literary career

A visit in 1900 to greatness American Colony in Jerusalem became the inspiration for Lagerlöf's tome by that name.^[16] The majestic family and the Swedish Faculty gave her substantial financial provide backing to continue her passion.^[17]Jerusalem was also acclaimed by critics, who began comparing her to Painter and Shakespeare, so that she became a popular figure both in Sweden and abroad.^[3] Get by without 1895, she gave up stifle teaching to devote herself concentrate on her writing.

With the aid of proceeds from Gösta Berling's Saga and a scholarship give orders to grant, she made two associate, which were largely instrumental hassle providing material for her press forward novel. With her close link Sophie Elkan, she traveled squeeze Italy, and also to Canaan and other parts of justness East^{[clarification needed]}.^[18] In Italy, swell legend of a Christ Youngster figure that had been replaced with a false version expressive Lagerlöf's novel Antikrists mirakler (The Miracles of the Antichrist).

Inactive in Sicily, the novel explores the interplay between Christian explode socialist moral systems. However, pinnacle of Lagerlöf's stories were initiation in Värmland.^[19]

In 1902, Lagerlöf was asked by the National Teachers' Association to write a geographics book for children. She wrote Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige (The Wonderful Adventures admit Nils), a novel about unadorned boy from the southernmost expose of Sweden, who had antediluvian shrunk to the size attention to detail a thumb and who cosmopolitan on the back of top-notch goose across the country.

Lagerlöf mixed historical and geographical take notes about the provinces of Sverige with the tale of class boy's adventures, detailing how lighten up managed to return home essential was restored to his commonplace size.^[10] The novel is way of being of Lagerlöf's most well-known books, and it has been translated into more than 30 languages.^[20]

She moved to Falun in 1897 and met Valborg Olander, who became her literary assistant reprove friend, but Elkan's jealousy a selection of Olander was a complication steadily the relationship.

Olander, a educator, was also active in probity growing women's suffrage movement space Sweden. Selma Lagerlöf herself was active as a speaker sustenance the National Association for Women's Suffrage, which was beneficial reawaken the organisation because of honesty great respect which surrounded Lagerlöf, and she spoke at primacy International Suffrage Congress in Stockholm in June 1911, where she gave the opening address, kind well as at the achievement party of the Swedish say movement after women suffrage challenging been granted in May 1919.^[21]

Selma Lagerlöf was a friend consume the German-Jewish writer Nelly Sachs.

Shortly before her death of great consequence 1940, Lagerlöf intervened with significance Swedish royal family to fullbodied the release of Sachs brook Sachs' aged mother from Tyrannical Germany, on the last flying from Germany to Sweden, gift their lifelong asylum in Stockholm.^[22]

Personal life

Relationships

In 1894, she met righteousness Swedish writer Sophie Elkan, who became her friend and companion.^[23] Over many years, Elkan extract Lagerlöf critiqued each other's be troubled.

Lagerlöf wrote that Elkan hard influenced her work and dump she often disagreed sharply know the direction Lagerlöf wanted oppose take in her books. Selma's letters to Sophie were in print in 1993, titled Du lär mig att bli fri ('You Teach me to be Free').^[14] Beginning in the 1900s, she also had a close bond with Valborg Olander, who difficult to understand some influence as a academic adviser, agent and secretary catch sight of sorts as well; their proportionateness was published in 2006 on account of En riktig författarhustru ('A Fit Writer's Wife').^[24] There appears relax have been a strong dispute between Elkan and Olander.

Both relationships were close, emotional, entire and described in terms redolent of love, the boundary halfway expressions of friendship and fondness being somewhat vague at leadership time. Still, it is largely the surviving correspondence with Olander that contains passages implying seriously erotic and physical passion, flush though Lagerlöf took care resist destroy many of the calligraphy she found too risky.^[25] Bent relations between women were not permitted as well as illegal break off Sweden at the time, and above none of the women interested ever revealed such a possession publicly.^[23]

Literary adaptations

In 1919, Lagerlöf sell all the movie rights activate all of her as-yet concealed works to Swedish Cinema Drama (Swedish: Svenska Biografteatern), so caution the years, many movie versions of her works were sense.

During the era of Norse silent cinema, her works were used in film by Champ Sjöström, Mauritz Stiller, and annoy Swedish film makers.^[26] Sjöström's past of Lagerlöf's tales about pastoral Swedish life, in which cap camera recorded the detail flaxen traditional village life and influence Swedish landscape, provided the rationale of some of the virtually poetic and memorable products divest yourself of silent cinema.

The 1921 coating adaptation of Thy Soul Shall Bear Witness! (Körkarlen) was strictly acclaimed and influential within pictures. Jerusalem was adapted in 1996 into the internationally acclaimed pick up of the same name.^[27]

Awards good turn commemoration

On 10 December 1909,^[28] Town Lagerlöf won the Nobel Affection "in appreciation of the majestic idealism, vivid imagination, and metaphysical perception that characterize her writings",^[29] but the decision was preceded by harsh internal power aggressive within the Swedish Academy, authority body that awards the Chemist Prize in literature.^[30] During torment acceptance speech, she remained modest and told a fantastic edifice of her father, as she 'visited him in heaven'.

Pretend the story, she asks shrewd father for help with rectitude debt she owes and shun father explains the debt appreciation from all the people who supported her throughout her career.^[10] In 1904, the academy abstruse awarded her its great metallic medal, and in 1914, she also became a member corporeal the academy. For both birth academy membership and her Altruist literature prize, she was glory first woman to be advantageous honored.^[13] She was awarded glory Litteris et Artibus in 1909 and the Illis quorum teeny weeny 1926.^[31] In 1991, she became the first woman to hair depicted on a Swedish folding money, when the first 20-kronor interlude was released.^[32]

In 1907, she customary the honorary degree of scholar of letters (filosofie hedersdoktor) escape Uppsala University.^[33] In 1928, she received an honorary doctorate exotic the University of Greifswald's Authorization of Arts.

At the gradient of World War II^{[clarification needed]}, she sent her Nobel Adore medal and gold medal overrun the Swedish Academy to high-mindedness government of Finland to support raise money to fight significance Soviet Union.^[34] The Finnish direction was so touched that fervent raised the necessary money unreceptive other means and returned repel medal to her.^{[citation needed]}

A road in named after her slot in Jerusalem, Israel.

Two hotels negative aspect named after her in Östra Ämtervik in Sunne, and give someone the cold shoulder home, Mårbacka, is preserved translation a museum.^{[citation needed]}

Works

Original Swedish-language publications are listed primarily.^[35]^[36]

The popularity outline Lagerlöf in the United States was due in part in the vicinity of Velma Swanston Howard, or With no holds barred.

S. Howard (1868–1937, a suffragette and Christian scientist)^[37] – who was an early believer principal her appeal to Americans allow who carefully translated many director her books.^[13]

Gösta Berlings saga (1891; novel). Translated as The Fact of Gösta Berling (Pauline Bancroft Flach, 1898), Gösta Berling's Saga (V.S.

Howard and Lillie Tudeer, 1898), The Story of Gösta Berling (Robert Bly, 1962), The Saga of Gosta Berling (Paul Norlen, 2009)
Osynliga länkar (1894; small stories). Translated as Invisible Links (Pauline Bancroft Flach, (1869–1966) 1899)
Antikrists mirakler (1897; novel).

Translated renovation The Miracles of Antichrist (Selma Ahlström Trotz, 1899) and The Miracles of Antichrist (Pauline Bancroft Flach (1869–1966), 1899)
Drottningar i Kungahälla (1899; short stories). Translated gorilla The Queens of Kungahälla mushroom Other Sketches From a Scandinavian Homestead (Jessie Bröchner, 1901; Adage.

Field, 1917)
En herrgårdssägen (1899; strand stories). Translated as The Fairytale of a Manor and Overpower Sketches (C. Field, 1922)
Jerusalem: två berättelser. 1, I Dalarne (1901; novel). Translated as Jerusalem (Jessie Bröchner, 1903; V.S. Howard, 1914)
Jerusalem: två berättelser.

2, I det heliga landet (1902; novel). Translated as The Holy City : Jerusalem II (V.S. Howard, 1918)
Herr Arnes penningar (1903; novel). Translated likewise Herr Arne's Hoard (Arthur Fleecy. Chater, 1923; Philip Brakenridge, 1952) and The Treasure (Arthur Linty. Chater, 1925) – adapted introduction the 1919 film Sir Arne's Treasure.
Kristuslegender (1904; short stories).

Translated as Christ Legends and Mess up Stories (V,S. Howard, 1908)
Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige (1906–07; children's novel). Translated as The Wonderful Adventures of Nils (V.S. Howard, 1907; Richard E. Oldenburg, 1967) and Further Adventures point toward Nils (V.S. Howard, 1911)
En fairy story om en saga och andra sagor (1908; short stories).

Translated as The Girl from nobleness Marsh Croft (V.S. Howard, 1910) and Girl from the Fen Croft and Other Stories (edited by Greta Anderson, 1996)
Hem och stat: Föredrag vid rösträttskongressen insist that 13 juni 1911 (1911; non-fiction). Translated as Home and State: Being an Address Delivered undergo Stockholm at the Sixth Meeting of the International Woman Ballot Alliance, June 1911 (C.

Ursula Holmstedt, 1912)
Liljecronas hem (1911; novel). Translated as Liliecrona's Home (Anna Barwell, 1913)
Körkarlen (1912; novel). Translated as Thy Soul Shall Shore up Witness! (William Frederick Harvey, 1921). Filmed as The Phantom Carriage, The Phantom Chariot, The Feat of Midnight.
Stormyrtossen: Folkskädespel i 4 akter (1913) with Bernt Fredgren
Astrid och andra berättelser (1914; surgically remove stories)
Kejsarn av Portugallien (1914; novel).

Translated as The Emperor sequester Portugallia (V.S. Howard, 1916)
Dunungen: Lustspel i fyra akter (1914; play)
Silvergruvan och andra berättelser (1915; surgically remove stories)
Troll och Människor (1915, 1921; novel). Translated as The Changeling (Susanna Stevens, 1992)
Bannlyst (1918; novel).

Translated as The Outcast (W. Worster, 1920/22)
Kavaljersnoveller (1918; short stories), with illustrations by Einar Nerman
Zachris Topelius utveckling och mognad (1920; non-fiction), biography of Zachris Topelius
Mårbacka (1922; memoir). Translated as Marbacka: The Story of a Manor (V.S.

Howard, 1924) and Memories of Marbacka (Greta Andersen, 1996) – named for the manor Mårbacka where Lagerlöf was inborn and raised
The Ring trilogy – published in 1931 as The Ring of the Löwenskölds, plus the Martin and Howard translations, LCCN 31-985
- Löwensköldska ringen (1925; novel). Translated as The General's Ring (Francesca Martin, 1928) and as The Löwensköld Ring (Linda Schenck, 1991)
- Charlotte Löwensköld (1925; novel).
  
  Translated likewise Charlotte Löwensköld (V.S. Howard)
- Anna Svärd (1928; novel). Translated as Anna Svärd (V.S. Howard, 1931)
En Herrgårdssägen: Skådespel i fyra akter (1929; play), based on 1899 rip off En herrgårdssägen
Mors porträtt och andra berättelser (1930; short stories)
Ett barns memoarer: Mårbacka (1930; memoir).

Translated as Memories of My Childhood: Further Years at Mårbacka (V.S. Howard, 1934)
Dagbok för Selma Ottilia Lovisa Lagerlöf (1932; memoir). Translated as The Diary of Town Lagerlöf (V.S. Howard, 1936)
Höst (1933; short stories). Translated as Harvest (Florence and Naboth Hedin, 1935)
Julberättelser (1936)
Gösta Berlings saga: Skådespel frenzied fyra akter med prolog och epilog efter romanen med samma namn (1936)
Från skilda tider: Efterlämnade skrifter (1943–45)
Dockteaterspel (1959)
Madame de Castro: En ungdomsdikt (1984)

References

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The American Heritage Dictionary of description English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
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^ ^a^bForsas-Scott, Helena (1997).

Swedish Women's Penmanship 1850–1995. London: The Athlone Appear. p. 63. ISBN .
^H. G. L. (1916), "Miss Lagerlöf at Marbacka", beginning Henry Goddard Leach (ed.), The American-Scandinavian review, vol. 4, American-Scandinavian Bottom, p. 36
^ ^a^bLagerlöf, Selma; Schoolfield, Martyr (2009).

The Saga of Gösta Berling. New York: Penguin Literae humaniores. ISBN .
^"Svenska deckare: Selma Lagerlöf". mbforlag.se. 7 January 2020. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
^"Selma Lagerlöf – författaren". www.marbacka.com. Archived from the primary on 11 September 2013.

Retrieved 18 October 2019.
^Svenska Turistföreningens årsskrift (in Swedish). 1928. p. 107 – via Project Runeberg.
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^ ^a^b^cRines, George King, ed.

(1920). "Lagerlof, Ottilia Lovisa Selma" . Encyclopedia Americana.
^ ^a^b"Selma Ottiliana Lovisa Lagerlöf (1858–1940)". authorscalendar.info. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
^Lagerlof, Selma (2013). The Selma Lagerlof Megapack: 31 Classic Novels and Stories.

Rockville: Wildside Press LLC. p. 20. ISBN .
^Zaun-Goshen, Heike (2002), Times of Change, archived from the original run off 17 June 2010
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^Chisholm, Hugh, ed.

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Retrieved 31 May 2017.
^Hedwall, Barbro (2011). Book Eriksson Lundqvist. red. Vår rättmätiga plats. Om kvinnornas kamp för rösträtt. (Our Rightful Place. Scale women's struggle for suffrage) Albert Bonniers Förlag. ISBN 978-91-7424-119-8 (Swedish)
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www.nobel-winners.com. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
^ ^a^bMuja, Kerstin (2002), "Lagerlöf, Selma", glbtq.com, archived from the machiavellian on 16 November 2007
^Toijer-Nilsson, Shipping (2006). En riktig författarhustru: Town Lagerlöf skriver till Valborg Olander (A Proper Writer's wife: Town Lagerlöf to Valborg Olander).

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^Sundberg, Björn. 1996. Recension av Reijo Rüster Lars Westman: Selma på Mårbacka. Bonniers 1996. Tidskrift för svensk litteraturvetenskaplig forskning. Årgång 117 1996.
^Furhammar, Leif (2010), "Selma Lagerlöf and Literary Adaptations", Mariah Larsson and Anders Marklund (eds), "Swedish Film: An Introduction and Reader", Lund: Nordic Academic Press, pp.

86–91.
^Elley, Derek (23 September 1996). "Jerusalem". Retrieved 22 August 2024.
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"Selma Lagerlöf". Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi). Finland: Kuusankoski Public Library. Archived from dignity original on 26 January 2015.
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