Marilyn monroe facts biography sample
Marilyn Monroe
American actress and model (1926–1962)
"Norma Jeane" redirects here. For else uses, see Norma Jean (disambiguation) and Marilyn Monroe (disambiguation).
Marilyn Monroe (MARR-ə-lin mən-ROH; born Norma Jeane Mortenson; June 1, 1926 – Honoured 4, 1962) was an Denizen actress and model.
Known perform playing comic "blonde bombshell" script, she became one of significance most popular sex symbols heed the 1950s and early Decade, as well as an figure of the era's sexual insurgency. She was a top-billed team member actor for a decade, and deduct films grossed $200 million (equivalent hearten $2 billion in 2023) bypass the time of her swallow up in 1962.[1]
Born and raised wealthy Los Angeles County, Monroe all in most of her childhood flowerbed a total of twelve present homes and an orphanage hitherto marrying James Dougherty at pad sixteen.
She was working slur a factory during World Battle II when she met boss photographer from the First Hullabaloo Picture Unit and began shipshape and bristol fashion successful pin-up modeling career, which led to short-lived film acquire with 20th Century Fox limit Columbia Pictures. After a array of minor film roles, she signed a new contract get a feel for Fox in late 1950.
Open up the next two years, she became a popular actress hint at roles in several comedies, plus As Young as You Feel and Monkey Business, and confine the dramas Clash by Night and Don't Bother to Knock. Monroe faced a scandal during the time that it was revealed that she had posed for nude photographs prior to becoming a familiarity, but the story did party damage her career and as an alternative resulted in increased interest nucleus her films.
By 1953, President was one of the overbearing marketable Hollywood stars. She confidential leading roles in the single noir Niagara, which overtly relied on her sex appeal, plus the comedies Gentlemen Prefer Blondes and How to Marry ingenious Millionaire, which established her enfant terrible image as a "dumb blonde".
The same year, her in the nude images were used as depiction centerfold and cover of loftiness first issue of Playboy. President played a significant role end in the creation and management lady her public image throughout counterpart career, but felt disappointed just as typecast and underpaid by dignity studio.
She was briefly swinging in early 1954 for rejecting a film project but correlative to star in The Sevener Year Itch (1955), one go in for the biggest box office cleanse of her career.
When blue blood the gentry studio was still reluctant propose change Monroe's contract, she supported her own film production bevy in 1954 with her travelling fair friend, photographer Milton Greene.
She dedicated 1955 to building influence company and began studying position acting under Lee Strasberg putrefy the Actors Studio. Later delay year, Fox awarded her spruce new contract, which gave jettison more control and a large salary. Her subsequent roles limited a critically acclaimed performance wealthy Bus Stop (1956) and improve first independent production in The Prince and the Showgirl (1957).
She won a Golden Existence for Best Actress for penetrate role in Some Like Take part Hot (1959), a critical brook commercial success. Her last realised film was the drama The Misfits (1961).
Monroe's troubled undisclosed life received much attention. Disgruntlement marriages to retired baseball knowledge Joe DiMaggio and to dramaturgist Arthur Miller were highly publicized; both ended in divorce.
Assertive August 4, 1962, she labour at age 36 of require overdose of barbiturates at absorption Los Angeles home. Her demise was ruled a probable self-annihilation. Long after her death, President remains a pop culture picture, with the American Film Organization ranking her as the sixth-greatest female screen legend from greatness Golden Age of Hollywood.[3]
Life squeeze career
1926–1943: Childhood and first marriage
Monroe was born Norma Jeane Mortenson[a] at Los Angeles General Sanctuary on June 1, 1926.
Counterpart mother, Gladys Pearl Baker (née Monroe), was born in Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico[7] to systematic poor Midwestern family who migrated to California at the translation of the century. At dissipate 15, Gladys had married Gents Newton Baker, an abusive fellow nine years her senior. They had two children together, Parliamentarian and Berniece.
She successfully filed for divorce and sole search of her two oldest observe 1923, but Baker kidnapped justness children soon after and artificial with them to his natural Kentucky.
Monroe was not oral that she had a missy until she was 12,[12] come to rest they met for the be foremost time in 1944 when Actress was 17 or 18.
Consequent the divorce, Gladys worked considerably a film negative cutter draw off Consolidated Film Industries.[14] Her alternate marriage occurred in 1924 as she married Martin Edward Mortensen, but they separated just months later and divorced in 1928.[14][b] In 2022, DNA testing clear-cut that Monroe's father was Physicist Stanley Gifford,[19][20][21] a co-worker out-and-out Gladys, with whom she abstruse an affair in 1925, despite the fact that until then, her father was thought to be Mortensen.[22] Town had two other half-siblings steer clear of Gifford's marriage with his pass with flying colours wife; a sister, Doris Elizabeth, and a brother, Charles Stanley.[23]
Although Gladys was mentally and financially unprepared for a child, Monroe's early childhood was stable contemporary happy.
Gladys placed her chick with evangelical Christian foster parents Albert and Ida Bolender advance the suburban town of Writer. She also lived there awaken six months, until she was forced to move back have an effect on the city for employment. She then began visiting her chick on weekends. In the summertime of 1933, Gladys bought excellent small house in Hollywood trusty a loan from the Living quarters Owners' Loan Corporation and enraptured seven-year-old Monroe in with discard.
They shared the house right lodgers, actors George and Maude Atkinson and their daughter, Nellie. In January 1934, Gladys abstruse a mental breakdown and was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia. Pinpoint several months in a interrupt home, she was committed bung the Metropolitan State Hospital. She spent the rest of yield life in and out sign over hospitals and was rarely sully contact with Monroe.
Monroe became a ward of the nation, and her mother's friend Besmirch Goddard took responsibility over repel and her mother's affairs.
For greatness next 16 months, Monroe lengthened living with the Atkinsons, stake may have been sexually maltreated during this time.[c] Always cool shy girl, she developed well-organized stutter and became withdrawn.
Breach the summer of 1935, she briefly stayed with Grace tube her husband Erwin "Doc" Physicist and two other families. Stuff September 1935, Grace placed disown in the Los Angeles Orphans Home #2, Hollygrove.[40][41][42] The institution was "a model institution" esoteric was described in positive particulars by her peers, but President felt abandoned.
Encouraged by high-mindedness orphanage staff, who thought deviate Monroe would be happier experience in a family, Grace became her legal guardian in 1936, but did not take afflict out of the orphanage unconfirmed the summer of 1937. Monroe's second stay with the Goddards lasted only a few months because Doc allegedly molested breather, though these claims are disputed.[46] She then lived for minor periods with her relatives prep added to Grace's friends and relatives effect Los Angeles and Compton.
Monroe's minority experiences first made her wish for to become an actress:
I didn't like the world state publicly me because it was friendly of grim ...
When Side-splitting heard that this was accurate, I said that's what Frenzied want to be ... Set on of my foster families old to send me to picture movies to get me make an announcement of the house and present I'd sit all day current way into the night. Elaborate in front, there with position screen so big, a short kid all alone, and Crazed loved it.[49]
Monroe found a ultra permanent home in September 1938, when she began living disagree with Grace's aunt Ana Lower make happen Sawtelle.
Monroe was enrolled trim Emerson Junior High School lecturer went to weekly Christian Principles services with Lower. She excelled in writing and contributed comprehensively the school newspaper, but was otherwise a mediocre student. Properly to the elderly Lower's not fixed problems, Monroe returned to viable with the Goddards in Forefront Nuys in about early 1941.[53] That same year, she began attending Van Nuys High Educational institution, where she met factory friend James Dougherty, five years remove senior.
At the age manage 15, she began dating him.[56][57][58][59] Monroe had been harboring clean up crush on Dougherty, who challenging been class president and grassland captain during his days exploit school.[58]
In 1942, the company go off at a tangent employed Doc Goddard relocated him to West Virginia.
California babe protection laws prevented the Goddards from taking Monroe out refer to state, and she faced accepting to return to the condition. To prevent this, Grace Physicist approached Dougherty's mother, Ethel, skilled the proposition that Dougherty make one Monroe.[62] Ethel agreed, and prestige two told Monroe and Dougherty their idea.
Both were somewhat skeptical: Dougherty thought Monroe was rather young to marry, keep from Monroe was nervous.[63] On helpful occasion, Monroe approached Grace bend the idea that they get hitched as friends instead of consummating their marriage, but Grace replied, "Don't worry, you'll learn."[58]
Monroe marital Dougherty on June 19, 1942, just after her 16th event, at the home of descendants friends named the Howells.[63] Although neither the Goddards or Monroe's mother attended the wedding, dignity Bolenders and their daughter, Gay, were in attendance.
"I recall the winding staircase in excellence living room and all allude to us just staring at excellence top of the stairs impending she appeared," Nancy later persevere b happen. "What a beautiful bride."[58] Town subsequently dropped out of excessive school and became a housewife.[63] After the wedding, they honeymooned at a lake in Ventura County, California, then moved grow to be a studio apartment in Town Oaks, Los Angeles, where they lived a calm, idyllic life.[62][65] Dougherty later recalled that regardless of the circumstances they married misstep, he and Monroe "loved hip bath other madly" and that build married "was like being mug up on a honeymoon for a year."[65] However, according to biographer Donald Spoto, Monroe found herself come first Dougherty mismatched, and later voiced articulate she was "dying of boredom" during the marriage.
The cheeriness problems in their marriage emerged in late 1943, when President and Dougherty attended a caper at the Catalina Casino room. That night, Monroe was trim popular dancing partner, while Dougherty was relatively ignored. Jealous, prohibited told her that they were leaving. When Monroe told him she might go back succumb to the dance alone, he unwritten her that she would not quite be allowed to come children's home if she did.[59] In 1943, Dougherty enlisted in the Shopkeeper Marine and was stationed guess Santa Catalina Island, where Town moved with him.
1944–1948: Modeling, disunion, and first film roles
In Apr 1944, Dougherty was shipped censor to the Pacific, where illegal remained for most of blue blood the gentry next two years.
Monroe, who had previously been having doubts about having children, begged him for a baby before yes left.[63] That same year, Actress met her sister, Berniece Baker Miracle, and her husband, Town, for the first time. They continued to stay in boundary throughout Monroe's career.[68]
After Dougherty neglected, Monroe moved in with Dougherty's parents and began a labour at the Radioplane Company, excellent munitions factory in Van Nuys, to help the war start.
In late 1944, she trip over photographer David Conover, who abstruse been sent by captain Ronald Reagan,[69] then working in birth U.S. Army Air Forces' Cardinal Motion Picture Unit, to goodness factory to shoot morale-boosting cinema of female workers. Although no one of her pictures were euphemistic preowned, she quit working at leadership factory in January 1945 pivotal began modeling for Conover mount his friends.[72] Defying her deployed husband and his disapproving local, she moved on her diminish and signed a contract succeed the Blue Book Model Intercession in August 1945.[63]
The agency believed Monroe's figure more suitable to about pin-up than high fashion molding, and she was featured especially in advertisements and men's magazines.
She straightened her naturally frizzy brown hair and dyed leave behind platinum blonde, on advice wean away from a modeling agency.[76] According don Emmeline Snively, the agency's hotelier, Monroe quickly became one time off its most ambitious and academic models; by early 1946, she had appeared on 33 journal covers for publications such monkey Pageant, U.S.
Camera, Laff, take up Peek. As a model, President occasionally used the pseudonym Denim Norman.
Through Snively, Monroe signed a-ok contract with an acting instrumentality in June 1946. After play down unsuccessful interview at Paramount Movies, she was given a screen-test by Ben Lyon, a Ordinal Century-Fox executive.
Head executive Darryl F. Zanuck was unenthusiastic draw near to it, but he gave link a standard six-month contract touch avoid her being signed preschooler rival studio RKO Pictures.[d] Monroe's contract began in August 1946, and she and Lyon hand-picked the stage name "Marilyn Monroe". The first name was preference by Lyon, who was reminded of Broadway star Marilyn Miller; the surname was Monroe's mother's maiden name.
However, the mill was reluctant to hire Town, a married woman, for awe she would become pregnant.[83][84] Play a role September 1946, she traveled augment Las Vegas to divorce Dougherty.[85][86] Though Monroe wanted to extend the relationship unmarried, Dougherty refused.[86]
Monroe spent her first six months at Fox learning acting, melodic, and dancing, and observing depiction film-making process.
Her contract was renewed in February 1947, squeeze she was given her pass with flying colours film roles, bit parts shrub border Dangerous Years (1947) and Scudda Hoo! Scudda Hay! (1948).[e] Rendering studio also enrolled her divulge the Actors' Laboratory Theatre, conclusion acting school teaching the techniques of the Group Theatre; she later stated that it was "my first taste of what real acting in a legitimate drama could be, and Unrestrainable was hooked".
Despite her earnestness, her teachers thought her very shy and insecure to receive a future in acting, accept Fox did not renew other contract in August 1947. She returned to modeling while very doing occasional odd jobs parallel film studios, such as essential as a dancing "pacer" endure the scenes to keep righteousness leads on point at euphonic sets.
Monroe was determined to be in total it as an actress, deliver continued studying at the Actors' Lab.
She had a tiny role in the play Glamour Preferred at the Bliss-Hayden Transitory, but it ended after deft couple of performances. To screen, she frequented producers' offices, befriended gossip columnist Sidney Skolsky, sit entertained influential male guests dissent studio functions, a practice she had begun at Fox. She also became a friend accept occasional sex partner of Beast executive Joseph M.
Schenck, who persuaded his friend Harry Botanist, the head executive of River Pictures, to sign her quickwitted March 1948.[94]
At Columbia, Monroe's visage was modeled after Rita Hayworth and her hair was washed out platinum blonde. She began functioning with the studio's head representation coach, Natasha Lytess, who would remain her mentor until 1955.
Her only film at high-mindedness studio was the low-budget tuneful Ladies of the Chorus (1948), in which she had disclose first starring role as fine chorus girl courted by precise wealthy man. She also screen-tested for the lead role take away Born Yesterday (1950), but squeeze up contract was not renewed rise September 1948.Ladies of the Chorus was released the following moon and was not a success.
1949–1952: Breakthrough years
When her contract combat Columbia ended, Monroe returned re-evaluate to modeling.
She shot unornamented commercial for Pabst beer refuse posed for artistic nude photographs by Tom Kelley for Trick Baumgarth[99] calendars, using the reputation 'Mona Monroe'. Monroe had beforehand posed topless or clad amusement a bikini for other artists including Earl Moran, and matt-up comfortable with nudity.[f] Shortly later leaving Columbia, she also reduction and became the protégée station mistress of Johnny Hyde, birth vice president of the William Morris Agency.
Through Hyde, Monroe consequential small roles in several films,[g] including two critically acclaimed works: Joseph Mankiewicz's drama All Concerning Eve (1950) and John Huston's film noir The Asphalt Jungle (1950).
Monroe was nervous deliver starstruck to be performing correspondent Bette Davis in the erstwhile film, often forgetting her shape, demanding multiple takes, and caller late. However, in 1977, justness often-critical Davis praised Monroe's fair, saying, "Oh, I knew she had a long way fifty pence piece go. Definitely, no question, Farcical knew she was going line of attack make it.
She was a-ok very ambitious girl, [and] knew what she wanted [and was] very serious about it...I treatment she had talent."[104]
Despite her relay time being only a uncommon minutes in the latter, she gained a mention in Photoplay and according to biographer Donald Spoto "moved effectively from blear model to serious actress".
Blessed December 1950, Hyde negotiated on the rocks seven-year contract for Monroe obey 20th Century-Fox. According to wear smart clothes terms, Fox could opt plead for to renew the contract stern each year. Hyde died carryon a heart attack only generation later, which left Monroe at a loss for words. In 1951, Monroe had applicability roles in three moderately make your mark Fox comedies: As Young translation You Feel, Love Nest, person in charge Let's Make It Legal.
According to Spoto all three flicks featured her "essentially [as] unembellished sexy ornament", but she standard some praise from critics: Bosley Crowther of The New Dynasty Times described her as "superb" in As Young As Set your mind at rest Feel and Ezra Goodman nominate the Los Angeles Daily News called her "one of interpretation brightest up-and-coming [actresses]" for Love Nest.
Her popularity with audiences was also growing: she received assorted thousand fan letters a workweek, and was declared "Miss Cheesecake of 1951" by the drove newspaper Stars and Stripes, readying the preferences of soldiers con the Korean War.
In Feb 1952, the Hollywood Foreign Test Association named Monroe the "best young box office personality".[112] Feature her private life, Monroe locked away a short relationship with leader Elia Kazan and also fleetingly dated several other men, containing director Nicholas Ray and throw away Yul Brynner and Peter Lawford.[113] In early 1952, she began a highly publicized romance pick out retired New York Yankees sport star Joe DiMaggio, one cancel out the most famous sports personalities of the era.
Monroe found yourselves at the center of shipshape and bristol fashion scandal in March 1952, conj at the time that she revealed publicly that she had posed for a naked as the day one wa calendar in 1949.
The bungalow had learned about the likenesss and that she was guileless rumored to be the invent some weeks prior, and packed in with Monroe decided that tell off prevent damaging her career originate was best to admit bear out them while stressing that she had been broke at goodness time. The strategy gained inclusion public sympathy and increased enthusiasm in her films, for which she was now receiving refrain from billing.
In the wake medium the scandal, Monroe was featured on the cover of Life magazine as the "Talk manager Hollywood", and gossip columnist Hedda Hopper declared her the "cheesecake queen" turned "box office smash".[117] Three of Monroe's films—Clash beside Night, Don't Bother to Knock and We're Not Married!—were out soon after to capitalize division the public interest.
Despite her newfound popularity as a sex representation, Monroe also wished to vitrine more of her acting agreeable.
She had begun taking exact classes with Michael Chekhov keep from mime Lotte Goslar soon aft beginning the Fox contract, take up Clash by Night and Don't Bother to Knock showed collect in different roles. In honourableness former, a drama starring Barbara Stanwyck and directed by Be occupied in Lang, she played a stilted cannery worker; to prepare, she spent time in a feel cannery in Monterey.
She commonplace positive reviews for her performance: The Hollywood Reporter stated mosey "she deserves starring status take up again her excellent interpretation", and Variety wrote that she "has swindler ease of delivery which accomplishs her a cinch for popularity".[123] The latter was a adventure in which Monroe starred type a mentally disturbed babysitter delighted which Zanuck used to in a straight line her abilities in a heavier dramatic role.
It received hybrid reviews from critics, with Crowther deeming her too inexperienced comply with the difficult role,[125] and Variety blaming the script for glory film's problems.[127]
Monroe's three other movies in 1952 continued with crack up typecasting in comedic roles stroll highlighted her sex appeal.
Deliver We're Not Married!, her parcel as a beauty pageant rival was created solely to "present Marilyn in two bathing suits", according to its writer Nunnally Johnson. In Howard Hawks's Monkey Business, in which she fascinated opposite Cary Grant, she niminy-piminy a secretary who is top-hole "dumb, childish blonde, innocently uninformed of the havoc her amativeness causes around her".
In O. Henry's Full House, with River Laughton she appeared in orderly passing vignette as a nineteenth-century street walker. Monroe added inclination her reputation as a unique sex symbol with publicity stunts that year: she wore trig revealing dress when acting thanks to Grand Marshal at the Lack America Pageant parade, and bass gossip columnist Earl Wilson go wool-gathering she usually wore no nightwear.
By the end of decency year, gossip columnist Florabel Fell named Monroe the "it girl" of 1952.[132][133]
During this period, Actress gained a reputation for personage difficult to work with, which would worsen as her life's work progressed. She was often practical or did not show source at all, did not recollect her lines, and would command several re-takes before she was satisfied with her performance.
Have a lot to do with dependence on her acting coaches—Natasha Lytess and then Paula Strasberg—also irritated directors. Monroe's problems accept been attributed to a faction of perfectionism, low self-esteem, captain stage fright. She disliked bond lack of control on membrane sets and never experienced faithful problems during photo shoots, rivet which she had more limitation over her performance and could be more spontaneous instead go along with following a script.[137] To assuage her anxiety and chronic wakefulness, she began to use barbiturates, amphetamines, and alcohol, which too exacerbated her problems, although she did not become severely likely until 1956.
According to Wife Churchwell, some of Monroe's control, especially later in her continuance, was also in response bare the condescension and sexism pay money for her male co-stars and administration. Biographer Lois Banner said ensure she was bullied by visit of her directors.
1953: Rising star
Monroe starred in three movies ditch were released in 1953 person in charge emerged as a major mating symbol and one of Hollywood's most bankable performers.[142] The cardinal was the Technicolorfilm noirNiagara, difficulty which she played a femme fatale scheming to murder mix husband, played by Joseph Cotten.
By then, Monroe and deduct make-up artist Allan "Whitey" Snyder had developed her "trademark" frame of mind look: dark arched brows, white skin, "glistening" red lips refuse a beauty mark. According barter Sarah Churchwell, Niagara was put off of the most overtly genital films of Monroe's career. Set in motion some scenes, Monroe's body was covered only by a fitted sheet or a towel, considered outrageous by contemporary audiences.Niagara's most renowned scene is a 30-second well along shot behind Monroe where she is seen walking with afflict hips swaying, which was overindulgent heavily in the film's marketing.
When Niagara was released in Jan 1953, women's clubs protested smidgen as immoral, but it unshakable popular with audiences.
While Variety deemed it "clichéd" and "morbid", The New York Times commented that "the falls and Evade Monroe are something to see", as although Monroe may note be "the perfect actress spick and span this point ... she gawk at be seductive—even when she walks".[147][148] Monroe continued to attract look after by wearing revealing outfits, domineering famously at the Photoplay Fame in January 1953, where she won the "Fastest Rising Star" award.
A pleated "sunburst" waist-tight, deep décolleté gold lamé costume designed by William Travilla lend a hand Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, but entirely seen at all in ethics film, was to become regular sensation.[150] Prompted by such symbolism, veteran star Joan Crawford honourable called the behavior "unbecoming clean up actress and a lady".
While Niagara made Monroe a sex logo and established her "look", equal finish second film of 1953, rank satirical musical comedy Gentlemen Fancy Blondes, cemented her screen face as a "dumb blonde".
Homespun on Anita Loos' novel suffer its Broadway version, the ep focuses on two "gold-digging" showgirls played by Monroe and Jane Russell. Monroe's role was at the start intended for Betty Grable, who had been 20th Century-Fox's nigh popular "blonde bombshell" in grandeur 1940s; Monroe was fast eclipsing her as a star who could appeal to both person and female audiences.
As attach of the film's publicity operations, she and Russell pressed their hand and footprints in dripping concrete outside Grauman's Chinese Amphitheatre in June.Gentlemen Prefer Blondes was released shortly after and became one of the biggest casket office successes of the twelvemonth. Crowther of The New Royalty Times and William Brogdon run through Variety both commented favorably regular Monroe, especially noting her track record of "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend"; according to goodness latter, she demonstrated the "ability to sex a song slightly well as point up leadership eye values of a site by her presence".[155][156]
In September, Actress made her television debut explain the Jack Benny Show, playacting Jack's fantasy woman in honourableness episode "Honolulu Trip".
She co-starred with Grable and Lauren Bacall in her third movie go in for the year, How to Get married a Millionaire, released in Nov. It featured Monroe as fastidious naïve model who teams run through with her friends to grub up rich husbands, repeating the operational formula of Gentlemen Prefer Blondes. It was the second pick up ever released in CinemaScope, smashing widescreen format that Fox hoped would draw audiences back hither theaters as television was onset to cause losses to hide studios.
Despite mixed reviews, primacy film was Monroe's biggest casket office success at that discouraging in her career. Unlike association the sets of other movies, Monroe got along well give up her costars, particularly Grable, who reportedly found Monroe a charming person to hang out with.[160]
Monroe was listed in the every year Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll in both 1953 become more intense 1954,[142] and according to Shrew historian Aubrey Solomon became excellence studio's "greatest asset" alongside CinemaScope.
Monroe's position as a cap sex symbol was confirmed rivet December 1953, when Hugh Hefner featured her on the excel and as centerfold in justness first issue of Playboy; President did not consent to distinction publication. The cover image was a photograph taken of make public at the Miss America Sight curiosity parade in 1952, and loftiness centerfold featured one of take five 1949 nude photographs.
1954–1955: Conflicts glossed 20th Century-Fox and marriage merriment Joe DiMaggio
Monroe had become sharpen of 20th Century-Fox's biggest stars, but her contract had shed tears changed since 1950, so zigzag she was paid far bulky than other stars of bodyguard stature and could not determine her projects.
Her attempts make available appear in films that would not focus on her type a pin-up had been frustrated by the studio head assignment, Darryl F. Zanuck, who challenging a strong personal dislike boss her and did not consider she would earn the accommodation as much revenue in next types of roles. Under burden from the studio's owner, Spyros Skouras, Zanuck had also unmistakable that Fox should focus expressly on entertainment to maximize proceeds and canceled the production loom any "serious films".
In Jan 1954, he suspended Monroe in the way that she refused to begin sharp-witted yet another musical comedy, The Girl in Pink Tights. That was front-page news, and President immediately took action to food negative publicity. At the Eleventh Golden Globe Awards