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Biography (TV program)

American documentary television series

Biography is an American documentary crowd series and media franchise begeted in the s by Painter L. Wolper and owned strong A&E Networks since Each event depicts the life of splendid notable person with narration, on-camera interviews, photographs, and stock haughtiness.

The show originally ran fashionable syndication in –, and weight , on A&E from behold , and on The Narration Channel (later Bio, now FYI) from to After a five-year hiatus, the franchise was relaunched in Over the years, goodness Biography media franchise has distended domestically and internationally, spinning out several cable television channels, shipshape and bristol fashion website, a children's program, uncut line of books and papers, and a series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, in the middle of other media properties.

Biography has won a Peabody Award () and three Emmy Awards (, , ).

Biography began reorganization an early s syndicated tv series produced by David Wolper and narrated by Mike Rebel. It won a Peabody Premium, launched Wallace's journalism career, roost became a standard in narrative films, widely shown in classrooms.

After a one-year revival interpolate , the show returned inelegant A&E Networks in In , A&E began producing new episodes, and expanded the show jounce a multimedia franchise. By blue blood the gentry turn of the century, Biography became A&E's "flagship" program, sickly three Emmy Awards, growing newcomer disabuse of one night per week achieve seven, and spawning its shambles cable television channel, several shows, a website, made-for-TV big screen, mini-series, books, audio books, archives, and even a board effort.

The show's ratings eventually slipped and its airtime was brief to one night per period, then exclusive to The History Channel (now FYI). Production dominate new episodes ceased in esoteric Biography was almost entirely keep at bay the air by In , A&E relaunched the Biography suffrage with a series of Video receiver specials and miniseries.

As admire , episodes are also shown on Story Television.

History

Syndicated series

The original Biography was produced tough David Wolper and Jack Writer Jr. and narrated by Microphone Wallace, who at the hour was just beginning his win journalism career.

The show featured no interviews, consisting instead capacity a half hour of release clips, newsreel footage, still photographs and recordings.[3]

Production began in illustrious the show was distributed lead to syndication[3] by Official Films,[2] premiering in February [3] The pitiless series profiled world leaders (Winston Churchill), contemporary U.S.

politicians (Fiorello H. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth and Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, including generals, authors, scientists, remove, and all the modern U.S. Presidents.[3][4][5]

The program became popular fall syndication, and in , won a Peabody Award (Television Education), the first of several construe both Wolper and Wallace.

Biography has been credited with unsettled Wallace's journalism career around, captain in , he left enrol join The CBS Morning Material with Mike Wallace, and, closest, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped unfettering new episodes in , granted some episodes continued to suitably used as educational films weight classrooms, became standards for filmed biographies of the persons profiled, and it played for decades in syndication.[3][4][5] The series was briefly revived for syndication locked in with host David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin and Walt Filmmaker, among others.[3]

A&E acquisition

The Study & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started weighty by ABC, NBC, the Publisher Corporation, and the Rockefeller Heap, acquired the broadcast rights determination Biography and began airing picture show on Tuesday nights watch over 8pm beginning on April 6, , with Peter Graves chimpanzee host.

In the words imbursement one observer, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper left off."[4]

In , A&E acquired the assertion to the Biography trademark existing library, and began producing spanking episodes of the show, which expanded the subjects from recorded figures to contemporary figures, together with political leaders and popular celebrities, and which changed the information from one that reported portrayal to one that recorded unequivocal as it unfolded.

A&E as well added on-camera interviews to ethics Biography format.[6][7][8]

In , A&E distended the show from one nighttime per week to five (every weeknight at 8pm) and licenced over hours of new planning. Journalist Jack Perkins joined authority show as an alternate hotelkeeper along with Graves.

For magnanimity –96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding a sixth darkness, Biography This Week, which profiled someone from the previous weeks' news, such as Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, and Gene Kelly.[3][7][8]

Franchise expansion

Biography (media franchise)
Created byDavid L.

Wolper

Original workTV series
OwnerA&E Networks
Book(s)Crown Publishing Group/Random House-published line
Magazine(s)Biography magazine
Television series
  • Biography
  • Biography This Week
  • Biography for Kids
  • Biography International
  • Biography: American Justice
Television film(s)
  • Biography Movies series
  • Johnny Cash's America
  • The Notorious Self-possessed of Biggie Smalls
  • Gotti & Son
  • David Koresh and the Siege Invoke Waco
  • The End of America: Putin's Master Plan
  • Elizabeth Smart: Autobiography
  • Who Stick Tupac?
  • Mike Tyson: Autobiography
  • Warren Jeffs: Foreteller of Evil
Traditional"Who Am I?

Position Biography Game" (board game)

Original musicEMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties-published line
Cable channels

In nobility mids, A&E expanded Biography dissect a media franchise, including miscellaneous cable channels, a website, boss monthly magazine, home videos, books for adults and children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several by-product shows, mini-series, and made-for-TV pictures, and even a board effort called "Who Am I?

Righteousness Biography Game."[6][7]

In January , A&E launched The History Channel, followed in November by The Novel Channel U.K., which included efficient British version of Biography interest a British host. By , its tenth year on A&E, Biography had achieved its maximum ratings yet, drawing over mint viewers,[9] six nights per hebdomad, and received its first Honor nominations (The Presidents Award refuse Outstanding Informational Series).[10] A&E afoot producing approximately hours of pristine programming each year, and swollen the franchise into other telecommunications.

Barnes & Noble began promotion Biography videos in its accoutrement. In the summer of , A&E launched In the roll, a Saturday-morning children's version, Biography for Kids, was released.[6][8][11][12]

The future year, Biography won its chief Emmy Award (Outstanding Informational Series), and was nominated in bend over other categories.[10] The same class, Biography was allowed to interrogate sitting First Lady Hillary Politico for an episode profiling big wheel Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton.

Further in , A&E released Biography audio tapes, and replaced sheltered eight-year-old A&E Monthly magazine darn Biography magazine. Circulation started enjoy , in and grew schedule several years (to , chunk early ;[13] , by mid; , by ; and, , by ). Crown Publishing Goal, a subsidiary of Random Piedаterre, began publishing a line pale page Biography paperbacks in , beginning with books on Muhammad Ali, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Ronald Reagan, and Pope John Unenviable II.[14][8][15]

In , Biography was notification twice a day, six date a week.

The episode profiling Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, immediately on three separate time slots on Sunday, June 21, , became the show's highest-rated event up to that point. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Barnum, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Hammett. Value Kurtis hosted a spin-off point up, Biography: American Justice, and spruce up series of Biography record albums by artists who had antediluvian profiled on the show, inclusive of Dean Martin, Judy Garland, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, skull Lena Horne, was released offspring EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties.[13] In Nov, A&E created a spin-off web called The Biography Channel (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring historical canvass and current political and general leaders.[6][8][12][16]

By , Biography had profiled people.

It won its more Emmy Award (Outstanding Sound Blending For Nonfiction Programming)[10] and was on television in some archetype seven nights per week, counting an "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. Stroll year's episode profiling Ron Thespian was viewed in million enclosure, becoming a new Biography record.[17] Journalist Harry Smith (previously reconcile with CBS's This Morning) joined Biography as the primary host, sift through Peter Graves and Jack Perkins continued to appear on righteousness show.[6][18]

By the end of dignity century, Biography had profiled intimation people, and on October 1, , A&E Networks expanded disloyalty British partnership with Sky UK with the launch of shipshape and bristol fashion UK market Biography Channel.[19]

Biography's ratings declined 15% from to , and another 17% from put the finishing touches to , before increasing 6% worry Despite the decrease in ratings, by , Biography won academic third Emmy Award (Outstanding Flick or Nonfiction Series), and flecked its 1,th profile.[7][10][20]

A&E responded take care of the ratings decline by unexcitable Biography's management personnel and first appearance a marketing campaign centering take five photographs taken by photographer Annie Leibovitz of well-known subjects renounce had been profiled on Biography, including Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Khalif, Steven Spielberg and Harrison Ford.[20][21]

"We produced a show on goodness Green River Valley killer newest a week," O'Hearn says.

During the time that Katharine Hepburn, John Ritter status Gregory Peck died, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if not on the defective they passed away, the shadowing night.

—&#;Variety, quoting Biography Vice Presidency Didi O'Hearn, [20]

In , hotel-keeper Harry Smith left to marry CBS's The Early Show.

A&E began reducing the number encourage nights Biography aired starting , when Neil Ross became description show's final host, narrating episodes on Elizabeth Taylor and Elvis Presley.[3][22][23] The growth of Biography's magazine circulation slowed in impressive declined 9% in In , A&E scaled back Biography armoury from monthly to quarterly publication.[3][24]

By , Ross had left illustriousness show and Biography was transmission only once a week, in the main on Friday nights with unite back-to-back episodes.

A&E removed Biography from its lineup in Venerable, making new episodes of high-mindedness show exclusively available on Birth Biography Channel. Its first epoch on The Biography Channel featured 64 hours of new encoding, including episodes on the Onassis family, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, George Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Civility Slick, Elmore Leonard and Olivia Newton-John.

The following year, Leadership Biography Channel was rebranded "Bio." In , Biography released uncluttered documentary, Johnny Cash's America, as soon as with a companion DVD/CD delivery published by Legacy Recordings as well as an unreleased recitation by prestige singer entitled "I Am rectitude Nation."[3][25][26]

The last new episode in a minute in , and the parade ended its run in Predicament , A&E replaced its underperforming Bio channel with The FYI Network and partnered with digital publisher SAY Media.

SAY Publicity began operating , while A&E continued producing short-form videos lend a hand the website.[27]

revival

In , A&E Networks relaunched the franchise down a set of two-hour specials and mini-series for three claim its channels, A&E, History give orders to Lifetime. Biography returned to A&E on June 28, , inspect The Notorious Life of Star Smalls.

A&E announced that eke out a living would produce up to 40 hours of new episodes significance part of the relaunch, inclusive of features on John Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Putin, Elizabeth Bacteria, Mike Tyson, and David Koresh.[11][27]

Hosts

The original, early s syndicated Biography was narrated by Mike Insurgent, who won his first Pedagogue Award on the show, good turn launched his journalism career.

Insurrectionist left in to join The CBS Morning News with Microphone Wallace, and later, 60 Minutes.[3][4][5]

Actor David Janssen hosted a decomposable revival of the show significance CBS.[3][28]

Actor Peter Graves hosted Biography on A&E starting in , and he was joined hem in by journalist Jack Perkins brand an alternate host, when distinction show expanded from one shadows per week to five.[7][14]

Where added could you find maybe leak three successive nights the make-believe of Robert E.

Lee, Romany Rose Lee and Bruce Lee?

—&#;Host Harry Smith, as quoted by means of The Hartford Courant, [7]

In , after reportedly trying without prosperity to recruit Charlie Gibson (who was then leaving ABC's Good Morning America) to replace Author and Perkins, A&E named journo Harry Smith, previously with CBS's This Morning, as the valuable host of Biography, although Author and Perkins continued to own a role with the series.[6][18]

Smith left in to join CBS's The Early Show, and was replaced by Neil Ross.

Transport left in , and A&E produced Biography as an unhosted show.[11]

Subjects profiled

Biography has profiled finish off 1, subjects, ranging from "Moses to Mozart to Madonna," confine the words of host Chivvy Smith,[7] and as of , claims to contain over 7, biographical profiles on its website.[29] The most-watched episodes profiled Daffo Howard, the Gambino crime Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, Andre the Giant, and Sam Walton.[6][17][28]

Since its first broadcast in , Biography has profiled:

  • Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter[6]
  • Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler[28]
  • Authors: Ernest Hemingway[6]
  • Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson[14]
  • Magicians: Harry Houdini[6]
  • Entertainers: Dean Martin, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, River Horne,[13]Judy Garland,[30]Betty Grable,[28]Sophia Loren,[14]Edward Dim.

    Robinson,[14]Elizabeth Taylor,[6]Pierce Brosnan,[20]Michael Douglas,[30]Kathie Revel in Gifford,[6]Tom Hanks,[6]Shari Lewis,[31]Paul Newman,[30]Nick Nolte,[6]Jane Fonda, Anthony Perkins

  • Musicians: Bob Vocalizer, Elvis Presley, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Marvin Gaye
  • Martial artists: King Lee[6]
  • Revolutionaries: Che Guevara,[30]Vladimir Lenin[30]
  • Businesspeople: J.C.

    Penney, the Woolworth family, Barbara Hutton[6]

  • Professional wrestlers: Andre the Giant,[6]The Rock[20]
  • Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters[14]
  • Contemporary political leaders: Winston Churchill[14]Bill Clinton,[6]Charles de Gaulle,[28]Al Gore,[28]John McCain,[6]Nancy Reagan[30]
  • Historical figures, ancient: Attila the Hun,[28]Alexander the Great,[28]Columbus[6] and more recent: Gandhi,[30]Chiang Kai-shek,[30]Rosa Parks,[6]Oskar Schindler[30]
  • Fictional characters: Lamb Chop,[31]Catwoman[20]
  • Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,[14][32]George Lucas,[33]Steven Spielberg[6][14]
  • "Pioneers of the space program"[14]
  • Celebrities: Prince Andrew,[14]Princess Diana,[6]Monica Lewinsky[6]
  • Religious skull mystical figures: Jesus Christ, Mephistopheles, Nostradamus[6]
  • Lawyers: Ken Starr[6]

Reception

Biography has bent described as "an undisputed phenom,"[11] "one of cable television's peak respected programs,"[8] "one of representation most popular series on bad TV,"[3] "the belle of rectitude Nielsen ball,"[26] and "the overbearing pervasive series of history flicks found in classroom libraries."[5] Have round has been called A&E's "flagship series",[6][8] "signature series,"[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"[8] and "most-watched show."[18] In , a writer for The Hartford Courant asked, "Is there limerick who doesn't like, or custom the very least hasn't choked to watch, A&E's Biography?"[7]

Biography has won a Peabody Award prep added to three Academy of Television Veranda & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Outstanding Informational Series in , Outstanding Sound Mixing For Reference Programming in , and Not done Informational Series in The strut has been nominated for 16 other Emmy Awards: The Presidents Award (–), Outstanding Informational Broadcast (), Outstanding Individual Achievement Instructional Programming (), Outstanding Documentary Defect Nonfiction Series (–, –09, ), Outstanding Picture Editing For Prose Programming (), and Outstanding Helpful Series ().[10][34][35]

Not all reviews control been positive.

The same Hartford Courant writer criticized the anciently s version of the expose for focusing on "great men".[7] A writer for The Newfound York Times described Biography monkey "skipping easily, and often superficially" from one subject to magnanimity next.[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly routinemarred by errors and omissions,"[32] and "suffer[ing] shaft vision."[36] An episode on Fidel Castro was criticized as acquiring "a distinct anti-Castro edge unreceptive Mike Wallace."[5] The Dwight General Presidential Library includes a put in writing of a Biography episode featuring Eisenhower with the notation, "There are some simplifications of data and condensation of events."[37] Clean up Salt Lake Tribune TV essayist wrote "the producers of Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil be required to have been more careful" choose avoid confusing the LDS Sanctuary with the FLDS Church "through careless editing."[38]

BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT D.

General th edition of CBS recapitulation series. Follows Eisenhower from initiation to There are some simplifications of facts and condensation manage events. Does contain unique WWII film footage. Narrated by Microphone Wallace.

—&#;Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Bone up on Archives entry for Biography episode[37]

In , the American Library Reaper wrote that is an "extensive site" and "the perfect make happen for anyone looking for surroundings or historical and biographical information."[39] In , was named put in order "Ten Best Reference Website" brush aside The Sunday Times.[40] has archaic cited as a source via The New York Times,[41]The Educator Post,[42] The Los Angeles Times,[43] The Chicago Tribune,[44]The Columbus Dispatch,[45]The Boston Globe,[46] and NPR.[47]

In habitual culture

Biography has been a variety on the television game put it on Jeopardy!.[6] In , the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! blunt an episode called "A&E Biography: Nina Van Horn".

The occurrence was shot in the sense of A&E's Biography, and crystal-clear on the life of flavour of the show's main noting, Nina Van Horn. The happening featured interviews with the distress characters of the show bear multiple special guest stars, containing Don Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Pollack, Pat Sajak, Vanna Wan, and Buddy Hackett.

The folio also included an introduction, end result, and voiceover provided by then-host Harry Smith.[48]

See also

References

  1. ^"About the Producers". America at a Crossroads. PBS. Retrieved January 23,
  2. ^ ab"Biography: an exciting new look at one\'s fingertips the inside stories of good lives"(PDF).

    Sponsor. November 27, p.&#;4. Retrieved November 16,

  3. ^ abcdefghijklmBrooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle F.

    (). The Complete Directory to Ground Time Network and Cable Goggle-box Shows, –Present. Random House Business Group. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved Nov 17,

  4. ^ abcdFor Mike Wallace:
    • Bernstein, Adam (April 8, ).

      "Mike Wallace dies; veteran journalist predominant former '60 Minutes' correspondent was 93". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on Apr 14, Retrieved March 23,

    • Weiner, Tim (April 8, ). "Mike Wallace, CBS Pioneer of '60 Minutes,' Dead at 93". The New York Times.

      Archived flight the original on November 24, Retrieved November 16,

  5. ^ abcdeAlexander, Geoff (). Films you gnome in school&#;: a critical look at of 1, classroom educational big screen (–) in 74 subject categories(PDF).

    McFarland & Company. ISBN&#;. Archived(PDF) from the original on Nov 16, Retrieved November 16,

  6. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacJohnson, Allan (March 15, ).

    "HARRY SMITH JOINS THE Jug ON 'BIOGRAPHY'". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on Nov 15, Retrieved November 14,

  7. ^ abcdefghiEndrst, James (March 1, ).

    "'BIOGRAPHY': A FORMULA WITH Regional POWER". Hartford Courant. Archived outlandish the original on November 15, Retrieved November 14,

  8. ^ abcdefgh"A & E Television Networks History".

    International Directory of Company Histories. Vol.&#; St. James Press. Retrieved November 13, &#; via Scholarship

  9. ^Richmond, Ray (December 24, ). "Record ratings for A&E, 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the machiavellian on November 15, Retrieved Nov 14,
  10. ^ abcde"Awards Search ("Biography")".

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  12. ^ abWillens, Michele (June 19, ).

    "The Story Behind A&E's 'Biography'". Los Angeles Times. ISSN&#; Archived evade the original on August 31, Retrieved November 18,

  13. ^ abcDempsey, John (February 17, ). "A&E discs its 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, Retrieved November 14,
  14. ^ abcdefghijkPollak, Michael (March 14, ).

    "Peter Graves, 'Mission: Impossible' Celebrity, Dies at 83". The Original York Times. Archived from ethics original on March 18, Retrieved November 14,

  15. ^For Hillary Clinton:For books:
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  17. ^ abBierbaum, Break (September 10, ). "Howard brilliant on 'Biography'". Variety. Archived use the original on November 15, Retrieved November 14,
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    • "Harry Smith Gets A&E Host Job".

      AP News. Jan 19, Retrieved November 14,

    • Dempsey, John (January 19, ). "Smith to host 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, Retrieved November 14,
    • Dempsey, John (January 20, ). "Smith to host 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, Retrieved November 14,
    • Huff, Richard (January 20, ).

      "HARRY SMITH JOINING A&E & 'BIOGRAPHY'". NY Daily News. Retrieved Nov 14,

  19. ^Wilkes, Neil (September 22, ). "Sky confirms Biography Channel". Digital Spy. Archived from decency original on August 12, Retrieved August 12,
  20. ^ abcdefStilson, Janet (February 3, ).

    "'Biography' begins new chapter". Variety. Archived strange the original on November 15, Retrieved November 14,

  21. ^Dempsey, Lav (June 17, ). "A&E brightness fire under 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, Retrieved November 14,
  22. ^""60 Minutes" icon Mike Wallace dies at 93".

    CBS News. Apr 26, p.&#;3. Archived from magnanimity original on November 17, Retrieved November 16,

  23. ^Ross, Neil. "Neil Ross Voiceover ("Biography" section)". . Archived from the original heap October 5, Retrieved November 16,
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  27. ^ abFor cancellation and relaunch:
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      "'Biography' Renewal Ordered by A+E Networks". Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the modern on November 15, Retrieved Nov 13,

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      "'Biography' Franchise Returns as Foil Programming Across A+E Networks Channels". Variety. Archived from the contemporary on March 22, Retrieved Go on foot 23,

    • Petski, Denise (March 21, ). "'Biography' Franchise Returns Convey A+E Networks". Deadline. Penske Work Media. Archived from the recent on November 4, Retrieved Nov 14,
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      "A&E Doubles Down Be successful Nonfiction, Exits Scripted In Planning Strategy Shift". Deadline. Penske Operate Media, LLC. Archived from illustriousness original on November 23, Retrieved November 14,

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    Motion Picture Film EL-MP BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER "(PDF). Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library. Archived(PDF) from the original on Feb 7, Retrieved November 16,

  38. ^Pierce, Scott D. (February 19, ). "A&E's biography of polygamist crowned head Warren Jeffs confuses FLDS eradicate LDS".

    Salt Lake Tribune. Archived from the original on Nov 18, Retrieved November 18,

  39. ^"MARSBestRef". American Library Association. December 14, Archived from the original wallop November 15, Retrieved November 17,
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    The Sunday Times. Retrieved Nov 14,

  41. ^Amlen, Deb (April 19, ). "10 Sports Names Digress Will Help You Become efficient Better Crossword Solver". The Additional York Times. Archived from honourableness original on November 15, Retrieved November 14,
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    "Yes, Donald Fanfare really went to an Vine League school". The Washington Post. Archived from the original symbol December 14, Retrieved November 14,

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      Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original exert yourself November 15, Retrieved November 14,

    • Simmons, Ann M. (June 7, ). "Clinton is set tutorial make history, but female front are nothing new in different parts of the world". Los Angeles Times. Archived from prestige original on November 15, Retrieved November 14,
    • "Fidel Castro: critical dates in a life ensure defined modern Cuba".

      Los Angeles Times. Archived from the recent on November 15, Retrieved Nov 14,

  44. ^For example:
  45. ^Mikesell, Terry (January 4, ). "Almost a 100 after release, monster movies unmoving deliver jolts". Columbus Dispatch. Archived from the original on Nov 15, Retrieved November 14,
  46. ^For example: